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	<title>HTB South</title>
	<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south</link>
	<description>HIV treatment research reports for southern Africa</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sat, 17 Mar 2012 12:22:32 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<language>en</language>
	
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		<title>Volume 5 Number 1 January/March 2012</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Welcome to the first issue of HTB South for 2012.
Our conference coverage in this issue comes from a meeting on HIV and women’s health, another on HIV persistence and cure research, as well as the European AIDS Conference and ICAAC.
The possibility that the slow momentum from numerous research groups pursuing a cure for HIV is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1734/</link>
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		<title>2nd International Workshop on HIV &amp; Women, 9-10 January 2012, Bethesda, USA</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This was the second year for this new workshop focused on research into the impact of gender on HIV and related health issues.
It is very helpful that the meeting organisers have posted most of  the slides for the oral presentations online, together with free access  to the conference abstract book.
Abstracts and presentations are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1730/</link>
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		<title>Similar efficacy and a few gender related differences in side effects with rilpivirine vs efavirenz at 96-weeks</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Rilpivirine (RPV) did not show teratogenicity risk in pre-clinical  studies and is therefore FDA pregnancy category B, nor does it interact  with the oral contraceptives norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol. For  these reasons, it could be a useful option for women of child bearing  potential. 
RPV was non-inferior to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1728/</link>
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		<title>The effect of BMI on efficacy, safety and tolerability of lopinavir/r in women</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Body mass index (BMI) can lead to alterations in pharmacokinetics  and pharmacodynamics. Data describing the relationship between BMI and  clinical outcomes of ART in women are limited. 
Investigators from Abbott conducted a meta-analysis in women taking  lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimens in order to look at the  effect of BMI [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1726/</link>
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		<title>Hormonal contraception and higher risk of non-AIDS-defining events in Nashville cohort</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Studies evaluating the effect of hormonal contraceptives (HC) on  HIV disease progression have shown conflicting results. Previous  findings have been from resource limited settings (RLS) and have not  looked at the effect of HC on non-AIDS defining events (non-ADE).
Mainly observational data from Africa and Asia has shown both higher [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1724/</link>
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		<title>Poorer adherence and loss to follow up in Kenyan women who are pregnant when enrolled to ART programmes</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
There are concerns that women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy  may have greater difficulty with adherence to ART than those who are  already aware of their status. This may lead to increased rates of  vertical transmission and the development of drug resistance.
April Bell showed findings from a retrospective analysis [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1722/</link>
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		<title>5th HIV Persistence Workshop on HIV Reservoirs, 6-9 December 2011, West Indies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jefferys, TAG
Introduction
This meeting had a limited numbers of attendees and brought together an impressive group of leading researchers.
The abstract book and late breaker abstracts are available in PDF format from the conference website and links:
http://www.hiv-workshop.com/workshop-2011.htm
http://www.hiv-reservoir.net/index.php/the-news/189-abstract-book-2011-hiv-persistence-workshop.html
The site also contains daily rapid summaries of the workshop that  will be followed in the next few weeks [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1719/</link>
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		<title>Workshop report and commentary</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jefferys, TAG
Introduction
This meeting had a limited numbers of attendees and brought together an impressive group of leading researchers.
The abstract book and late breaker abstracts are available in PDF format from the conference website and links:
http://www.hiv-workshop.com/workshop-2011.htm
http://www.hiv-reservoir.net/index.php/the-news/189-abstract-book-2011-hiv-persistence-workshop.html
The site also contains daily rapid summaries of the workshop that  will be followed in the next few weeks [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1717/</link>
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		<title>13th European AIDS Conference (EACS), Belgrade, Serbia, 12–15 October 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The 13th European AIDS Conference was held in Belgrade from 12-15 October.
Unfortunately abstracts are not yet available online, and although  webcasts, podcasts and PowerPoint slides are available these require a  login name and password (obtainable by email from the EACS secretariat).
The same login details can also be used to access training resources  [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1713/</link>
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		<title>Raltegravir achieves superiority over efavirenz after four years</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Four year results from a five year, double-blind, randomised,  non-inferiority study comparing raltegravir to efavirenz (each with  tenofovir plus FTC) in treatment-naïve patients were presented by Jurgen  Rockstroh.
The study design, matched baseline characteristics and safety and  efficacy results from earlier analyses have already been presented at  earlier [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1711/</link>
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		<title>Higher plasma levels of tenofovir and darunavir but not efavirenz in older patients</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Several studies looked at the association between older age and antiretroviral pharmacokinetics (PK).
Tenofovir
Muge Cevik from the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London reported  results from a PK study suggesting that tenofovir clearance is  significantly reduced with increasing age and resulting in higher drug  levels (AUC and Ctrough). [1]
This included steady-state [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1709/</link>
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		<title>Ritonavir levels reduced with high fat meal</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Researchers at Makerere University, Kampala and the pharmocology  group at Liverpool University reported a significant interaction between  high fat meals and ritonavir as a booster in lopinavir/r (Kaletra).
Three meal conditions were studied in an open-label, three part,  cross over study in 12 HIV positive people (6 men, 6 women) [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1707/</link>
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		<title>Transplacental transfer of raltegravir and delayed plasma clearance in preterm neonates</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Preterm birth is common in infants born to HIV positive mothers and  is associated with an increased risk of mother to child transmission.  Oral drug absorption in infants is unpredictable due to the immaturity  of the gastro intestinal tract at this age. Preloading the foetus with  maternal nevirapine [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1705/</link>
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		<title>51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) Chicago, 17–20 September 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The annual ICAAC conference in recent years has had a reduced focus  on HIV research but still includes studies that are interesting to  highlight.
Unfortunately the conference restricts public access to this  research. Although abstracts available online (for a short time) the  database to access abstracts is not very user friendly and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1703/</link>
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		<title>Monitoring kidney function change with cobicistat</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Cobicistat is a pharmacokinetic (PK) booster currently in phase 3 studies that unlike ritonavir has no direct antiretroviral activity. This Gilead booster might facilitate a wider range of coformulated boosted medicines: with elvitegravir and Quad (boosted elvitegravir plus Truvada) and with products developed by other companies (darunavir and atazanavir).
An early caution is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1701/</link>
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		<title>Intracellular raltegravir concentrations better with twice-daily than once-daily dosing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Mark Mascolini, NATAP.org
Intracellular concentrations of raltegravir stayed above the 95%  effective concentration (EC95) in higher proportions of people taking  this integrase inhibitor twice daily than in those taking it once daily,  according to results of a 13-person study [1]. The average  intracellular-to-plasma ratio was 0.37.
Raltegravir is licensed for adults at a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1699/</link>
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		<title>Tenofovir label extended to paediatric indication</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 18 January 2012, the FDA extended the product indication for  tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) to include dosing information in  paediatric patients 2 to less than 18 years of age. 
An oral powder (40 mg per 1 gram of oral powder) formulation and 150  mg, 200 mg and 250 mg tablets were [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1686/</link>
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		<title>FDA approve US paediatric dose for raltegravir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 21 December 2011, the FDA approved dosing recommendations for  raltegravir (Isentress) for paediatric patients ages 2 to 18 years and  weighing at least 10 kg. 
In addition a 100 mg scored chewable tablet and 25 mg chewable tablet was approved for use in paediatric patients.
Safety, efficacy and formulation data were from the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1693/</link>
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		<title>FDA approve paediatric dose for darunavir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On December 16, 2011, The Food and Drug Administration approved an  oral suspension formulation of darunavir (Prezista). Darunavir is now  available as a 100 mg/mL oral suspension.
Additionally, the product labeling was updated to provide dosing  recommendations for paediatric patients ages 3 to less than 6 years of  age and for adult [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1689/</link>
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		<title>Efavirenz dose increase to 800 mg QD with rifampin in patients &gt;50 kg</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 6 January the FDA approved revisions to the efavirenz (Sustiva)  package insert to include dosing with efavirenz and rifampin. The  Dosage and Administration and Drug Interaction sections of the package  insert were updated to include the following:
If Sustiva is coadministered with rifampin to patients weighing 50 kg  or more, an [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1691/</link>
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		<title>FDA updates US label for darunavir for serious rash</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 19 October 2011 the FDA approved updates to the darunavir  (Prezista) package insert to include 192-week results from the Phase 3  registrational studies.
In addition, section 5.3 Severe Skin Reactions now includes the  following text about combinations that include darunavir/ritonavir plus  raltegravir:
Rash occurred more commonly in treatment-experienced subjects  receiving regimens [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1684/</link>
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		<title>FDA updates US label for raltegravir due to serious rash</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 2 November 2011 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved  updates to the package information and patient leaflet for raltegravir  (Isentress).
Postmarketing reports have included cases of severe, potentially  life-threatening, and fatal skin reactions including Stevens-Johnson  syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Hypersensitivity reactions have  also been reported and were [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1682/</link>
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		<title>Lopinavir concentrations suboptimal at reduced dose of lopinavir/ritonavir 200/50 mg twice daily</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
An article published online ahead of print in JAIDS, November 2011,  shows findings from a pharmacokinetic (PK) study to evaluate a lower  dose of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) than that currently approved.
Reshmie A Ramautarsing and HIV-NAT colleagues from Thailand and the  Netherlands performed a two-arm crossover study including 20  HIV-positive [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1679/</link>
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		<title>Switching to 50mg ritonavir dose for selected protease inhibitors</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
Although not appropriate for LPV (see previous article), a 50mg  boosting dose of RTV may be sufficient for selected PIs, argue  researchers from the University of Liverpool and Chelsea and Westminster  in a letter to the editor published in the December 15 2011 edition of  JAIDS.
Lower doses of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1677/</link>
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		<title>New formulations, acquisitions and company announcements</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The last two months have been a lively time for pharmaceutical  industry announcements concerning Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) and new  compounds in the HIV and hepatitis pipelines.
Integrase FDC Quad submitted to the FDA
At the end of October, Gilead submitted a new drug application (NDA)  to the US regulatory agency [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1675/</link>
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		<title>BHIVA guidelines for the routine investigation and monitoring of adult HIV-1-infected individuals 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[New guidelines for routine management of HIV are now posted to the  BHIVA website and are published in the January 2012 edition of HIV  Medicine (with free access). [1]
The comprehensive 40-page document includes a detailed review of the  most important routine monitoring. It is an essential reference for  understanding the current [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1671/</link>
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		<title>Draft BHIVA ARV treatment guidelines online for comment until 5 March</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment  of HIV-1 positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2012 are now online  in draft.
The scope of this document includes guidance on the initiation of ART  in those previously naïve to therapy, support of patients on treatment,  management of patients experiencing virological failure and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1669/</link>
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		<title>Draft BHIVA pregnancy guidelines online for comment until 5 March</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The British HIV Association (BHIVA) Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2012 are now online in draft.
The overall purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on  best clinical practice in the treatment and management of HIV-infected  pregnant women.
The scope includes guidance on the use of ART therapy both to prevent  HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and for the welfare of the  mother herself, guidance on mode of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1667/</link>
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		<title>US guidelines (DHHS) update recommendations for first-line combinations (October 2011)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In October the US Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents were updated and posted online to the AIDSinfo web site.
This revision to the guidelines is focused on What to Start: Initial Combination Regimens for the Antiretroviral-Naive Patient. Additions and key changes to the section are outlined below. More detailed [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1664/</link>
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		<title>FDA approval of generic ARVs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Since the last issue of HTB, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted tentative approval for the following new generic ARV products.



Drug and formulation
Manufacturer, Country
Approval date


tenofovir/FTC 300 mg/200 mg tablets
Hetero Labs, India
22 December 2011


abacavir/3TC 60 mg/30 mg tablet paediatric (&#62; 3 months and &#62;5 kg)
Mylan Pharmaceuticals, India
31 January 2012


abacavir/3TC 600 mg/300 mg adult [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1661/</link>
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		<title>Disastrous warning for global HIV programmes in 2012</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Some of the first indications that the economic debt crisis in  Europe will contribute to 2012 being a disastrous year for global health  came in articles from the corporate financial institution Bloomberg  Businessweek (not known for it&#8217;s focus on HIV news) and the mainstream  scientific journal Nature.
This year [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1659/</link>
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		<title>Michel Kazatchkine resigns from Global Fund: Gabriel Jaramillo, Brazilian banker, to serve as general manager</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer
On 24 January 2012, Michel Kazatchkine announced that he will &#8220;step  down&#8221; as Executive Director of the Global Fund by mid-March. He said  that his planned resignation resulted from a decision by the Global Fund  Board two months ago to appoint a General Manager who will supervise  many Global [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1656/</link>
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		<title>Janssen block Patent Pool access to darunavir, rilpivirine and etravrine</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a press release on 19 December 2011, the Medicine Patent Pool  announced that Johnson and Johnson, the parent company for  Janssen/Tibotec, have decided not to allow licensing of its  antiretroviral products as part of the international collaboration to  enable sustained and affordable access to latest HIV medicines in poor  [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1654/</link>
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		<title>UNITAID continues funding the Patent Pool, paediatric HIV medicines and malaria</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 14 December, UNITAID Executive Board announced its continued  commitment to scaling up access for HIV/AIDS and malaria by allocating  an extra US$138 million to HIV and malaria.
This included support for four years for the Medicines Patent Pool to  negotiate voluntary licenses from brand companies to generic  manufacturers to facilitate affordable [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1652/</link>
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		<title>We need the Patent Pool to work</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Joint statement by TAC, TAG, HIV i-Base, EATG and SECTION27
The exorbitant price of AIDS medicines, especially antiretrovirals,  has been one of the main barriers to people with HIV accessing them,  especially in developing countries. As activist organisations we have  been at the forefront of many of the struggles to make medicines  [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1650/</link>
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		<title>Call to Action on Global Fund restriction to new funding to 2014</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Organisations and individuals are being urged to sign a Call for  Action demanding that the Global Fund and its Board mobilise the  necessary resources to create a new funding opportunity in 2012 in the  amount of $2 billion.
Organised by civil society activists at the World AIDS Campaign they  state that the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1648/</link>
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		<title>Analysis of why the Global Fund cancelled Round 11</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer
At its meeting in December 2010, the Global Fund Board approved  the launching of Round 11. At its meeting in May 2011, the Board  discussed but did not change this decision.
Therefore, in August 2011, Round 11 was launched, and many CCMs  devoted enormous amounts of work to preparing their proposals. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1646/</link>
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		<title>Reaction to the Global Fund&#8217;s decisions on Round 11 and grant renewals</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer
The following reactions from key organisations to the Global  Fund&#8217;s decision to do away with Round 11 were highlighted in a GFO  article.
Health GAP
&#8220;The funding window that was cancelled today would have  enabled scale-up of lifesaving treatment and prevention services for  HIV, tuberculosis and malaria to millions of poor [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1644/</link>
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		<title>Delaying ART in childhood can reduce long-term CD4 count in adulthood</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
The decision to start ART in children is made with guidance based on  age and CD4 percentage or count. Guideline recommendations are based on  observed short-term risk of morbidity and mortality. ART can be delayed  in children with CD4 values above the recommended thresholds for  initiation to avoid [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1641/</link>
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		<title>Efavirenz under-dosing in children</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
An article in the December 1 2011 edition of JAIDS describes  efavirenz (EFV) exposure in African children in the ARROW trial, dosed  according to the 2006 WHO weight bands, which are similar to the  manufacturer&#8217;s recommendations (the current approved paediatric doses).
ARROW is an open label randomised trial comparing routine [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1639/</link>
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		<title>Treatment response and duration of first line treatment in European infants</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
Investigators from the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort  Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord evaluated response to  antiretroviral therapy (ART) and predictors of switching or interrupting  treatment in children starting in infancy up to 5 years from treatment  initiation. Findings from this study were reported in the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1637/</link>
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		<title>No increased risk of non-AIDS deaths from cumulative use of ART in EuroSIDA cohort</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, Centre for Social Science Research, UCT
Two ongoing concerns for HIV positive people on ART are (1)  whether long-term side effects shorten life-expectancy? and (2) is  premature ageing related to either ART or HIV?
While both short and medium term outcomes have so far been very good,  data for these questions requires [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1634/</link>
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		<title>Need for expanded access to two promising MDR TB drugs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, Centre for Social Science Research, UCT
Two experimental drugs for the treatment of MDR TB have completed  phase II clinical trials. While neither is ready yet to be registered  with a regulatory authority, bedaquiline (formerly TMC207, manufactured  by Tibotec) is already better tested than most second-line TB drugs and  has [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1631/</link>
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		<title>ZAMSTAR study suggests active case finding in households reduces TB prevalence</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, Centre for Social Science Research, UCT
The event at the World Lung Conference in Lille that generated the most media was the ZAMSTAR study results, presented by Peter Godfrey-Faussett of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. [1] [2]
Four interventions were randomly assigned to six communities each, from a pool of 24 communities. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1629/</link>
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		<title>A court case and a model show how poor conditions are fueling a TB epidemic in prisons</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, Centre for Social Science Research, UCT
Simon Johnstone-Robertson and colleagues at Cape Town and Stellenbosch universities have published the results of a model that calculated a TB transmission probability of 90% per year for awaiting trial prisoners in a large South African prison. They found that by implementing the national cell occupancy recommendation, the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1627/</link>
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		<title>Interactions between nevirapine and antimalarials (artemether and lumefantrine)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
Artemether-lumefantrine and nevirapine-based antiretroviral  therapy (ART) are the most commonly recommended first-line treatments  for malaria and HIV respectively in Africa.
However, there is the potential for drug interactions with this  combination as artemether and lumefantrine are substrates of CYP3A4 and  nevirapine is both a substrate and inducer of CYP3A4.
This parallel-design pharmacokinetic study, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1624/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Interactions between antiretrovirals and complementary and African traditional medicines</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
The use of traditional/complementary/alternate medicines in HIV/AIDS  patients who reside in Southern Africa is quite common. This review  looks at the mechanisms of pharmacokinetic interactions and summarises  the published clinical studies and case reports of antiretroviral-herbal  interactions. In vitro screening studies of several African traditional  medicinal plants and extracts are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1622/</link>
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		<title>Drug interactions between sirolimus (rapamycin) and ARVs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
This study aimed to i) evaluate the safety and toxicity of  rapamycin (sirolimus) in HIV-infected individuals with KS receiving  antiretroviral therapy, ii) investigate rapamycin interactions with both  PI-containing and NNRTI-containing regimens, and iii) assess clinical  and biological endpoints.
Seven participants, 4 on ritonavir-boosted PIs (2 lopinavir, 2  atazanavir) and 3 on [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1620/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>International PrEP study (VOICE) discontinues use of tenofovir vaginal gel due to lack of efficacy</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
On 17 November a large international Phase 2b study looking at  interventions to reduce HIV sexual transmission announced that it will  discontinue use of a 1% tenofovir vaginal gel and matched placebo gel  due to the study&#8217;s data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) finding no  difference in efficacy [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1617/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Infant feeding: TAC’s position</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) recently issued a position statement regarding infant feeding among HIV positive women in South Africa.
TAC notes that recommendations and practice have been divided between the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (mainly in Kwazulu-Natal) and formula feeding (mainly in Western Cape and Guateng).
Following recent studies showing that the risk of transmitting HIV [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1614/</link>
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		<title>WHO upholds guidance on hormonal contraceptive use and HIV</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Women living with HIV or at high risk of HIV can safely continue to use hormonal contraceptives to prevent pregnancy
16 FEBRUARY 2012 &#124; GENEVA &#8211; WHO has concluded, on the advice of its Guidelines Review Committee, that women living with HIV or at high risk of HIV can safely continue to use hormonal contraceptives to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1612/</link>
			</item>
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		<title>New York court rejects AIDS denialist case against leading HIV community activist and journalist</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
It is with great pleasure, and considerable relief that we report  that the New York State Supreme Court Justice Louis B. York granted  summary judgment in favor of Richard Jefferys in a defamation lawsuit  brought by an AIDS denialist named Celia Farber. [1] Jefferys was  represented in the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1609/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Volume 5 Number 1 January/March 2012 PDF</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Download HTB South January/March 2012e PDF file (1.2 MB)
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1738/</link>
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		<title>2012 conference listing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The following listing covers some of the most important upcoming HIV-related meetings and workshops.
Registration details, including for community and community press are included on the relevant websites.
19th Conference on Retroviruses and OIs (CROI)
5–8 March 2012, Seattle
http://retroconference.org
10th European HIV &#38; Hepatitis Drug Resistance 
28–30 March 2012, Barcelona, Spain
http://www.virology-education.com
13th Intl Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy
16–18 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/921/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Volume 4 Number 4 October/December 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This is the last issue of 2011. We include our final reports from IAS 2011 looking at the latest in cure research, ART and TB, and reassuring circumcision results from Orange Farm that dispel concerns about risk compensation.
We also include summaries of journal articles, focusing on pregnancy and paediatrics, a summary of the new drug [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1799/</link>
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		<title>6th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, 17–20 July 2011, Rome</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This issue of HTB includes further reports from IAS 2011.
The conference has an open-access searchable abstract database online.
http://www.ias2011.org/
The ‘Programme at a glance’ can be searched for key words but  requires a free software upgrade Silverlight which is quick and easy to  do. Then from this page you can search abstracts or presentations.
http://pag.ias2011.org/
Sessions with [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1796/</link>
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		<title>Cure research and viral reservoirs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
In addition to the prevention studies and the progress on pipeline  drugs that made most headlines (see the previous issue of HTB), a third  set of presentations through the meeting supported the IAS Conference  Statement on the need for the cure. [1]
That ‘the Cure’ might again re seen as [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1789/</link>
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		<title>Orange Farm circumcision results dispel concerns about risk compensation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, TBonline
Amidst the excitement about HPTN 052 at the Rome IAS meeting, the  results of the ANRS Orange Farm circumcision programme received little  publicity, despite stunning data.
Orange Farm was the site of the first of three randomised control  trials that showed that circumcision reduces the risk of men contracting  HIV [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1787/</link>
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		<title>Randomised trial of ART in TB patients with high CD4 counts</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, TBonline
The benefits of initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) in TB  co-infected patients with CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm3 have been  demonstrated in a number of recent studies. [1-2]
Now an open-label randomised controlled trial by Nanteza and  colleagues has been published that looks at patients with higher CD4  counts. The trial, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1785/</link>
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		<title>FDA approval of generic ARVs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Since the last issue of HTB, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted tentative approval for the following new generic ARV products.



Drug and formulation
Manufacturer, Country
Approval date


3TC/AZT 30 mg/60 mg for pediatric patients 3 months and older weighing at least 5 kg.
Cipla, India
22 September 2011


3TC/tenofovir 300 mg/300 mg FDC tablets co-package with nevirapine 200mg [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1783/</link>
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		<title>Increased risk of preterm delivery with protease inhibitor based HAART in Mma Bana</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
The Mma Bana trial compared antiretroviral regimens to prevent  mother-to-child transmission in pregnancy, with highly efficacious  results and some of the lowest reported in Africa [1]
The investigators performed a secondary analysis to look at the  occurrence of preterm delivery (PTD) among women in the trial with CD4  counts [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1779/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Efavirenz in pregnancy: update of systemic review and meta-analysis</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
A systematic review and meta-analysis by Nathan Ford and colleagues,  to February 2010, showed no increase in overall birth defects with  efavirenz (EFV) use in the first trimester of pregnancy compared to  other antiretrovirals or the general population. [1,2] But, the authors  were unable to come to a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1777/</link>
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		<title>AZT not equivalent to HAART to prevent mother-to-child transmission in a Botswana programme</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
A study, first presented at CROI 2011, compared mother to child  transmission rates for women receiving AZT (with or without single dose  NVP) or HAART in pregnancy in the Botswana national programme. [1] We  reported these data in the May issue of HTB. [2]
This prospective observational study conducted between [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1775/</link>
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		<title>Increased risk of HIV transmission to HIV-negative partners during pregnancy</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
Physiological and behaviour changes during pregnancy may increase  risk of HIV transmission. Results from previous studies looking at HIV  acquisition in women in pregnancy have been inconsistent. No study has  looked at transmission from HIV-positive pregnant women to men directly.
Investigators from the Partners in Prevention HIV/HSV Transmission  study [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1764/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Pharmacokinetics of paediatric tenofovir based regimens</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
In an article in the September 2011 edition of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Jennifer R King and colleagues from the P1058 protocol team reported pharmacokinetic (PK) data from children and adolescents treated with tenofovir (TDF) in combination with antiretrovirals with potential interactions.
PK results were shown for 47 participants aged 8 to 18 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1761/</link>
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		<title>Atazanavir pharmacokinetics in infants, children and adolescents</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
An article in the July 31 2011 edition of AIDS describes atazanavir  (ATV) pharmacokinetics (PKP in infants, children and adolescents given  alone and boosted with ritonavir (ATV/r). Jennifer J Kiser and  colleagues from the IMPAACT 1020A phase I/II study evaluated two  formulations of ATV, capsules and a dispersible [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1759/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Crushing lopinavir/ritonavir tablets decreases exposure by almost half in children</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
Crushing lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r; Kaletra) tablets is not  recommended by the manufacturer as pre-clinical studies showed poor  absorption with this method of administration compared to whole tablets  with a single dose.
The liquid formulation of LPV/r is unpalatable and inconvenient so  administrating crushed tablets could potentially overcome this barrier  [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1757/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>WHO Guidelines on guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: 2011 update</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, TBonline
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has updated its guidelines for drug-resistant TB. [1]
The guidelines were last published in 2008. [2]
The guidelines make eleven recommendations. All of them were supported by very low quality evidence.
1. Rapid  drug susceptibility testing of isoniazid and rifampicin or rifampicin  alone is recommended if there are resources [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1755/</link>
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		<title>IPT for adults: Should the Mantoux test have been removed from WHO guidelines?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, TBonline
The 2011 edition of the World Health Organisation’s Guidelines for  Intensified Tuberculosis Case-finding and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy  for People Living with HIV in Resource-Constrained Settings has 12  recommendations. [1]
The fourth recommendation says that adults and adolescents living  with HIV who have an unknown or positive tuberculin-skin-test (TST)  status [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1752/</link>
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		<title>DSMB stops oral tenofovir monotherapy arm of VOICE PrEP study due to lack of difference compared to placebo</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Research into the use of tenofovir as daily prophylaxisis to prevent  HIV infection (PrEP) was further complicated by news that one of the key  ongoing studies has discontinued women using tenofovir as monotherapy.
On 28 September 2001, the Microbicides Trial Network (MTN), announced  that following an interim review by the Data and Safety [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1750/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 4 Number 4 October/December 2011 PDF</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Download HTB South January/March 2011e PDF file (500 kb)
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1743/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>HTB SUPPLEMENT:  2011 pipeline report</title>
		<description><![CDATA[For the second year i-Base have collaborated with TAG to produce the annual pipeline report.
This report covers the most recent and exciting developments in HIV, hepatitis and TB research.
The report was launched at the IAS conference in Rome but if you missed a print copy there, you will need to go online.
At 160 pages we [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1594/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Volume 4 Number 3 July/September 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This issue leads with the most important and exciting research from the IAS conference in Rome and the 3rd International Workshop on HIV Pediatrics immediately preceding it. Our reports in this issue include an overview of the conference in the Introduction.
We conclude our reports form the BHIVA and CROI meetings this year and include exciting [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1597/</link>
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		<title>6th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention  17–20 July 2011, Rome</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Introduction
The biannual IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention is more scientifically focused than the World AIDS Conference held in alternate years and is considerably smaller. This makes both attending and reporting more manageable and concentrated.
This year the conference was held in Rome. While plenary lectures were held in the concert halls designed by [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1547/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Webcasts for major research at IAS</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This years meeting had three main areas of interest.
Firstly, treatment as prevention – most notably in a study called HPTN-052 and PrEP studies. The Treatment Is Prevention session include links to abstracts, slides and webcasts from the HPTN-052 study.
http://pag.ias2011.org/session.aspx?s=98
Secondly, research relating to reservoirs, eradication and the cure was established throughout the programme. This included overviews [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1545/</link>
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		<title>Treatment is prevention: ARV treatment in HPTN-052 reduces transmission by at least 96%: single transmission in treatment arm occurred prior to viral suppression</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Four of the six oral presentations in the ‘Treatment is prevention: the proof is here’ session reported on the results from HPTN 052. [1] This study had been unblinded four years earlier than planned due to a review by the data and safety monitoring board (DSMB), with all patients now being offered [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1542/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Daily oral tenofovir/FTC PrEP reduces heterosexual transmission by 63% in the TDF2 study</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Results from the double-blind placebo-controlled TDF2 study presented in an oral presentation in Rome provided additional supportive data for the benefit of daily oral tenofovir/FTC (Truvada) to reduce sexual heterosexual transmission. [1]
While the iPrEX study first reported a strongly protective impact in high risk MSM, the lack of protection in the FemPrEP [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1539/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Tenofovir/FTC vs tenofovir as daily oral PrEP: preliminary results from Partners PrEP</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The final presentation in the Treatment is Prevention session was a summary of the first results from the Partners PrEP study that randomised the HIV-negative partner in 4758 HIV serodifferent heterosexual couples to daily tenofovir (TDF) vs tenofovir/FTC (TVD) vs placebo in a 1:1:1 ratio. [1]
The results presented were based on a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1536/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Elvitegravir vs raltegravir: 48 week results in treatment-experienced patients</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Elvitegravir is a once-daily integrase inhibitor being developed by Gilead. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study that randomised 702 treatment-experienced patients to compare elvitegravir (150 mg once-daily; reduced to 85 mg with atazanavir/r or lopinavir/r) to raltegravir (400 mg twice-daily), each with a background regimen of sensitive boosted-PI plus a third sensitive [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1534/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Dolutegravir: 48 week results from phase II study in treatment-naïve patients</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Dolutegravir is an integrase inhibitor in development with ViiV/Shionogi that in earlier development was referred to as GSK-572. Results from the first monotherapy studies were presented only two years ago and the rapid development programme now includes phase III studies in naïve patients (using a 50 mg once-daily dose) with results already [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1532/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Lersivirine: 48 week results compared to efavirenz in phase 2 treatment-naïve study</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Lersivirine is a once-daily NNRTI from ViiV that was originally developed by Pfizer and previously called UK-453061 and that is promising due to a resistance pathway at V108I that appears distinct from the K103N or Y181C pathways associated with first-generation non-nukes.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomised 193 patients (1:1:1) to either 500 mg [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1530/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>SPARTAC trial: treatment in primary infection for 48 weeks shows small delay in disease progression</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
The main objective in the SPARTAC trial was to look at the impact on disease progression from two different short courses of antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiated during primary HIV infection compared to no immediate ART. Sarah Fidler from Imperial College London presented results from SPARTAC in an oral late breaker at IAS [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1528/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Hearing loss not associated with HIV in MACS and WIHS cohorts</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Hearing loss has been associated as a complication in HIV-positive people but it is unclear whether HIV is a direct factor or whether symptoms are more strongly correlated to risk factors reported in the general population. This will be increasingly important as the HIV population ages.
Researchers from Washington DC measured cochlear function [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1526/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Pharmacokinetics of darunavir and fosamprenavir in pregnancy</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Physiological changes in pregnancy can affect drug disposition. Plasma concentrations of several PIs – including lopinavir, atazanavir and saquinavir – currently prescribed to HIV-positive pregnant women, are decreased during this period. Pharmacokinetcs (PK) for darunavir (DRV) and fosamprenavir (FPV) in pregnancy are not well characterised. Two posters presented at the paediatric workshop [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1523/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Low birth weight and preterm delivery</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Data describing the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PTD) associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral exposure are conflicting and international consensus has not been reached. Two posters from the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) and the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Soweto, South Africa, presented at IAS 2011, showed [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1521/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Hormonal contraception and HIV transmission risk</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Some epidemiological and laboratory studies have suggested that hormonal contraception can increase HIV transmission risk in women. There has been little research into the risk of transmission from women to men. To date findings have been inconsistent and WHO has called for high quality studies to look at potential interactions between hormonal [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1519/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>No difference in AIDS-free survival in children starting ART with a CD4% between 15%–24% compared to deferring until less than 15% in the PREDICT trial</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Information to guide initiation of treatment in children older than one year of age is scarce.
Results from the PREDICT trial &#8211; presented as late breakers at both IAS 2011 and the preceding pediatric workshop – found that deferring ART until CD4 count fell below 15% or the occurrence of CDC category C [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1517/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Paediatric antiretroviral pipeline: update on etravirine and maraviroc</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Data were presented at the paediatric workshop and IAS 2011describing recent developments in the paediatric pipeline.
Etravirine 
Thomas Kakuda from Tibotec showed pharmacokinetic (PK) data of the NNRTI etravirine (ETV) in treatment experienced children and adolescents aged 6 to &#60;18 years. [1, 2]
These 24-week results are from PIANO (Pediatric trial with Intelence as [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1515/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>More metabolic abnormalities in children receiving a PI compared to NNRTI in NEVEREST study</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
NEVEREST was a study in which young children who were exposed to nevirapine as PMTCT and initiated on PI-based HAART were randomised to continue on this regimen or switch to a nevirapine based regimen (we report the final results from NEVEREST later in this issue of HTB).
NEVEREST investigators evaluated body composition and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1513/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Prematurity not associated with early mortality in infants on ART</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Prematurity is a known risk for infant mortality. Other risks include maternal immunosuppression, delayed initiation of ART and low baseline CD4 percentage.
Investigators from the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU) in Soweto, South Africa showed findings at the 2011 paediatric workshop from a cohort study designed to investigate prematurity among children born in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1511/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Free online resource for treatment decisions without access to genotype resistance tests</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Results from a new online resource developed to predict treatment outcomes for settings without access to genotypic resistance tests were presented in a poster at the conference. [1]
The system was developed by training computer models to predict virological response to therapy using data from approximately 15,000 treatment changes drawn from over 15 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1509/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI)  27 February–3 March 2011, Boston</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Introduction
Our final reports from this important conference are:

Monitoring treatment in resource limited settings: results from PHPT-3 and Stratall ANRS12110/ESTER trials
DART:  high rates of viral suppression after five years and a single CD4 test  with a threshold of 250 cells/mm3 could reduce unnecessary switching
Lopinavir/r monotherapy used as second-line therapy in resource-limited settings
Pharmacokinetics of different [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1505/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Monitoring treatment in resource limited settings: results from PHPT-3 and Stratall ANRS12110/ESTER trials</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
In resource-limited settings, optimal monitoring and switching  criteria from first-line to second-line therapy is unclear. Results from  two trials were shown as oral presentations that suggest that  monitoring viral load is not essential for switch to second line. [1, 2]
Marc Lallemant showed data from PHPT-3, which was conducted in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1504/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>DART: high rates of viral suppression after five years and a single CD4 test with a threshold of 250 cells/mm3 could reduce unnecessary switching</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
DART was a randomised trial comparing clinically driven monitoring  (CDM) to laboratory (CD4, haematology, biochemistry) plus clinical  monitoring (LCM) of 3316 HAART-naïve adults conducted in Uganda and  Zimbabwe. People in both monitoring arms showed high and similar 5-year  survival rate – 90% vs 87% in the LCM and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1502/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Lopinavir/r monotherapy used as second-line therapy in resource-limited settings</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
WHO guidelines recommend the use of boosted protease inhibitors  second line in resource limited settings. Findings from strategies  looking at using lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) have been uncertain to  date, both in limited and richer resourced settings.
Two posters at CROI 2011 presented data from studies evaluating LPV/r monotherapy, with showed further [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1499/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Pharmacokinetics of different rifabutin dosing strategies with lopinavir/ritonavir-based ART</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Interactions between rifampicin and protease inhibitors makes treating patients coinfected with HIV and TB more complicated.
Rifabutin is an alternative rifamycin, which can be used in patients  receiving a protease inhibitor. Recent findings suggest that the current  recommended dose of lopinavir/r (LPV/r) is suboptimal. There are  limited data regarding the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1496/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Initiation of ART during breastfeeding can induce multidrug resistance in infants</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
In resource-limited settings some HIV-positive women initiate ART  during breastfeeding. This exposes infected infants to the risk  emergence of resistance to the antiretrovirals in their mothers’  regimen.
Investigators from the Post Exposure Prophylaxis of Infants  (PEPI)-Malawi trial &#8211; in which infants were received up to 14 weeks of  [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1494/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Treating children previously exposed to single dose nevirapine: update on IMPAACT P1060 and NEVEREST</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Two oral presentations at CROI 2011 showed further findings from  studies looking at treatment in children previously exposed or unexposed  to maternal/infant single dose nevirapine (NVP) in prevention of mother  to child transmission (PMTCT) programmes.
IMPAACT 1060
IMPAACT P1060 was a randomised trial to determine whether NVP- or  lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1492/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Lopinavir/ritonavir oral solution toxicity in neonates</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r, Kaletra) oral solution is approved by the FDA for infants 14 days of age and older. US guidelines do not recommend its use in preterm infants.
LPV/r oral solution has particular pharmacokinetic properties that make its use complicated in neonates. It contains high volumes of both ethanol (356.3 mg/mL, 42% volume [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1485/</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Paediatric antiretroviral pipeline: darunavir and raltegravir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Two posters at CROI 2011 presented pharmacokinetic (PK), efficacy and safety data of paediatric formulations of antiretroviral drugs. [1, 2]
Darunavir 
ARIEL (TMC114-C228) is a 48-week, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial evaluating PK, safety and efficacy of darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus an optimised background regimen (OBR) in HIV-positive treatment-experienced children. Avy Violari and colleagues [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb-south/1487/</link>
			</item>
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