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	<title>HTB</title>
	<link>http://i-base.info/htb</link>
	<description>HIV treatment research reports</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Fri, 10 Feb 2012 22:44:24 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<language>en</language>
	
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		<title>2nd International Workshop on HIV &amp; Women, 9-10 January 2012, Bethesda, USA</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This was the second year for this new workshop focused on research into the impact of gender on HIV and related health issues.
It is very helpful that the meeting organisers have posted most of the slides for the oral presentations online, together with free access to the conference abstract book.
Abstracts and presentations are available at [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16128</link>
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		<title>Similar efficacy and a few gender related differences in side effects with rilpivirine vs efavirenz at 96-weeks</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Rilpivirine (RPV) did not show teratogenicity risk in pre-clinical studies and is therefore FDA pregnancy category B, nor does it interact with the oral contraceptives norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol. For these reasons, it could be a useful option for women of child bearing potential. 
RPV was non-inferior to efavirenz (EFV) when combined [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16126</link>
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		<title>Volume 13 Number 1/2 January/February 2012</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Welcome to the first issue of HTB for 2012, which includes an updated design thanks to comments from last years survey.
The last issue of 2011 highlighted serious concerns for global health, and the Treatment Access news in this issue continues this theme, with an indication that funding uncertainties will continue throughout the year.
This includes further [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16024</link>
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		<title>The effect of BMI on efficacy, safety and tolerability of lopinavir/r in women</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Body mass index (BMI) can lead to alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Data describing the relationship between BMI and clinical outcomes of ART in women are limited. 
Investigators from Abbott conducted a meta-analysis in women taking lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimens in order to look at the effect of BMI on efficacy, safety, and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16124</link>
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		<title>Hormonal contraception and higher risk of non-AIDS-defining events in Nashville cohort</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Studies evaluating the effect of hormonal contraceptives (HC) on HIV disease progression have shown conflicting results. Previous findings have been from resource limited settings (RLS) and have not looked at the effect of HC on non-AIDS defining events (non-ADE).
Mainly observational data from Africa and Asia has shown both higher and lower rates [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16122</link>
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		<title>Poorer adherence and loss to follow up in Kenyan women who are pregnant when enrolled to ART programmes</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
There are concerns that women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy may have greater difficulty with adherence to ART than those who are already aware of their status. This may lead to increased rates of vertical transmission and the development of drug resistance.
April Bell showed findings from a retrospective analysis of data collected [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16119</link>
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		<title>5th HIV Persistence Workshop on HIV Reservoirs, 6-9 December 2011, West Indies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jefferys, TAG
Introduction
This meeting had a limited numbers of attendees and brought together an impressive group of leading researchers.
The abstract book and late breaker abstracts are available in PDF format from the conference website and links:
http://www.hiv-workshop.com/workshop-2011.htm
http://www.hiv-reservoir.net/index.php/the-news/189-abstract-book-2011-hiv-persistence-workshop.html
The site also contains daily rapid summaries of the workshop that will be followed in the next few weeks by [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16116</link>
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		<title>Workshop report and commentary</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jefferys, TAG
Introduction
This meeting had a limited numbers of attendees and brought together an impressive group of leading researchers.
The abstract book and late breaker abstracts are available in PDF format from the conference website and links:
http://www.hiv-workshop.com/workshop-2011.htm
http://www.hiv-reservoir.net/index.php/the-news/189-abstract-book-2011-hiv-persistence-workshop.html
The site also contains daily rapid summaries of the workshop that will be followed in the next few weeks by [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16112</link>
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		<title>Nevirapine prolonged release (PR) once-daily formulation available in the UK</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Following the approval in Europe last year of a prolonged release (PR) formulation of nevirapine (called extended release/XR in the US), this 400 mg once-daily tablet is now available in the UK.
The lead in dose of 200 mg once daily (using the original formulation) is still required, with the same caution not to increase to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16110</link>
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		<title>Etravirine 200 mg formulation available in UK</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 17 January 2012, Janssen announced the launch of a 200 mg formulation of the NNRTI etravirine (Intelence). 
The recommended oral dose of 200 mg etravirine is one tablet taken twice daily following a meal. The previous formulation required 2 x 100 mg twice-daily.
These tablets are dispersible in a glass of water. This option may [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16108</link>
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		<title>Tenofovir label extended to paediatric indication</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 18 January 2012, the FDA extended the product indication for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) to include dosing information in paediatric patients 2 to less than 18 years of age. 
An oral powder (40 mg per 1 gram of oral powder) formulation and 150 mg, 200 mg and 250 mg tablets were also approved to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16106</link>
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		<title>FDA approve US paediatric dose for raltegravir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 21 December 2011, the FDA approved dosing recommendations for raltegravir (Isentress) for paediatric patients ages 2 to 18 years and weighing at least 10 kg. 
In addition a 100 mg scored chewable tablet and 25 mg chewable tablet was approved for use in paediatric patients.
Safety, efficacy and formulation data were from the IMPAACT P1066 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16103</link>
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		<title>FDA approve paediatric dose for darunavir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On December 16, 2011, The Food and Drug Administration approved an oral suspension formulation of darunavir (Prezista). Darunavir is now available as a 100 mg/mL oral suspension.
Additionally, the product labeling was updated to provide dosing recommendations for paediatric patients ages 3 to less than 6 years of age and for adult and paediatric patients greater [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16101</link>
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		<title>Efavirenz dose increase to 800 mg QD with rifampin in patients &gt;50 kg</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 6 January the FDA approved revisions to the efavirenz (Sustiva) package insert to include dosing with efavirenz and rifampin. The Dosage and Administration and Drug Interaction sections of the package insert were updated to include the following:
If Sustiva is coadministered with rifampin to patients weighing 50 kg or more, an increase in the dose [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16098</link>
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		<title>FDA approval of generic ARVs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Since the last issue of HTB, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted tentative approval for the following new generic ARV products.



Drug and formulation
Manufacturer, Country
Approval date


tenofovir/FTC 300 mg/200 mg tablets
Hetero Labs, India
22 December 2011


abacavir/3TC 60 mg/30 mg tablet paediatric (&#62; 3 months and &#62;5 kg)
Mylan Pharmaceuticals, India
31 January 2012


abacavir/3TC 600 mg/300 mg adult [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16096</link>
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		<title>Disastrous warning for global HIV programmes in 2012</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Some of the first indications that the economic debt crisis in Europe will contribute to 2012 being a disastrous year for global health came in articles from the corporate financial institution Bloomberg Businessweek (not known for it&#8217;s focus on HIV news) and the mainstream scientific journal Nature.
This year will not be business [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16094</link>
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		<title>Janssen block Patent Pool access to darunavir, rilpivirine and etravrine</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a press release on 19 December 2011, the Medicine Patent Pool announced that Johnson and Johnson, the parent company for Janssen/Tibotec, have decided not to allow licensing of its antiretroviral products as part of the international collaboration to enable sustained and affordable access to latest HIV medicines in poor countries.
The Medicine Patent Pool, founded [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16092</link>
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		<title>UNITAID continues funding the Patent Pool, paediatric HIV medicines and malaria</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 14 December, UNITAID Executive Board announced its continued commitment to scaling up access for HIV/AIDS and malaria by allocating an extra US$138 million to HIV and malaria.
This included support for four years for the Medicines Patent Pool to negotiate voluntary licenses from brand companies to generic manufacturers to facilitate affordable access to HIV/AIDS medicines [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16089</link>
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		<title>Michel Kazatchkine resigns from Global Fund: Gabriel Jaramillo, Brazilian banker, to serve as general manager</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer
On 24 January 2012, Michel Kazatchkine announced that he will &#8220;step down&#8221; as Executive Director of the Global Fund by mid-March. He said that his planned resignation resulted from a decision by the Global Fund Board two months ago to appoint a General Manager who will supervise many Global Fund activities and who [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16087</link>
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		<title>Call to Action on Global Fund restriction to new funding to 2014</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Organisations and individuals are being urged to sign a Call for Action demanding that the Global Fund and its Board mobilise the necessary resources to create a new funding opportunity in 2012 in the amount of $2 billion.
Organised by civil society activists at the World AIDS Campaign they state that the cancellation by the Global [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16084</link>
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		<title>Analysis of why the Global Fund cancelled Round 11</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer
At its meeting in December 2010, the Global Fund Board approved the launching of Round 11. At its meeting in May 2011, the Board discussed but did not change this decision.
Therefore, in August 2011, Round 11 was launched, and many CCMs devoted enormous amounts of work to preparing their proposals. Then last month, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16082</link>
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		<title>Reaction to the Global Fund&#8217;s decisions on Round 11 and grant renewals</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer
The following reactions from key organisations to the Global Fund&#8217;s decision to do away with Round 11 were highlighted in a GFO article.
Health GAP
&#8220;The funding window that was cancelled today would have enabled scale-up of lifesaving treatment and prevention services for HIV, tuberculosis and malaria to millions of poor people in developing countries.
&#8220;What [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16078</link>
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		<title>Activists oppose Gates Foundation funding study using low dose d4T</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 14 December 2011 a group of prominent treatment activists from South Africa, Europe and the USA took the unusual step of contacting funders of a proposed international study. [1]
In writing to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the group were advocating against the proposed financial support for continued research into the use of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16076</link>
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		<title>Delaying ART in childhood can reduce long-term CD4 count in adulthood</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
The decision to start ART in children is made with guidance based on age and CD4 percentage or count. Guideline recommendations are based on observed short-term risk of morbidity and mortality. ART can be delayed in children with CD4 values above the recommended thresholds for initiation to avoid toxicities, resistance and some [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16073</link>
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		<title>No increased risk of non-AIDS deaths from cumulative use of ART in EuroSIDA cohort</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, Centre for Social Science Research, UCT
Two ongoing concerns for HIV positive people on ART are (1) whether long-term side effects shorten life-expectancy? and (2) is premature ageing related to either ART or HIV?
While both short and medium term outcomes have so far been very good, data for these questions requires following large numbers [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16071</link>
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		<title>Need for expanded access to two promising MDR TB drugs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, Centre for Social Science Research, UCT
Two experimental drugs for the treatment of MDR TB have completed phase II clinical trials. While neither is ready yet to be registered with a regulatory authority, bedaquiline (formerly TMC207, manufactured by Tibotec) is already better tested than most second-line TB drugs and has a good side-effect profile. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16069</link>
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		<title>Interactions between nevirapine and antimalarials (artemether and lumefantrine)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
Artemether-lumefantrine and nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) are the most commonly recommended first-line treatments for malaria and HIV respectively in Africa.
However, there is the potential for drug interactions with this combination as artemether and lumefantrine are substrates of CYP3A4 and nevirapine is both a substrate and inducer of CYP3A4.
This parallel-design pharmacokinetic study, obtained concentration-time profiles for [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16067</link>
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		<title>Interactions between antiretrovirals and complementary and African traditional medicines</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
The use of traditional/complementary/alternate medicines in HIV/AIDS patients who reside in Southern Africa is quite common. This review looks at the mechanisms of pharmacokinetic interactions and summarises the published clinical studies and case reports of antiretroviral-herbal interactions. In vitro screening studies of several African traditional medicinal plants and extracts are described and details given in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16065</link>
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		<title>Drug interactions between sirolimus (rapamycin) and ARVs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
This study aimed to i) evaluate the safety and toxicity of rapamycin (sirolimus) in HIV-infected individuals with KS receiving antiretroviral therapy, ii) investigate rapamycin interactions with both PI-containing and NNRTI-containing regimens, and iii) assess clinical and biological endpoints.
Seven participants, 4 on ritonavir-boosted PIs (2 lopinavir, 2 atazanavir) and 3 on NNRTI-based regimens (2 efavirenz, 1 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16063</link>
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		<title>Supplement: HIV testing and risks of sexual transmission</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new i-Base guide is included as a supplement to this issue of HTB.

Read this guide online
Order a free printed copy
Download PDF

HIV Testing and Risks of Sexual Transmission was produced in response to the growing number of testing and transmission questions that i-Base receives.
This resource brings together research into the impact of treatment on transmission [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16029</link>
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		<title>Draft BHIVA ARV treatment guidelines online for comment until 5 March</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1 positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2012 are now online in draft.
The scope of this document includes guidance on the initiation of ART in those previously naïve to therapy, support of patients on treatment, management of patients experiencing virological failure and recommendations in specific patient [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16058</link>
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		<title>Contraceptive failure with etonogestrel implants and efavirenz: case reports</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
Two case reports of unintended pregnancies suggest that etonogestrel implants should be used with caution in patients on efavirenz.
The first case had been receiving efavirenz, zidovudine and lamivudine since November 2002 and had an etonogestrel implant inserted in January 2004. Pregnancy was detected in April 2006 and conception dated to December 2005.  The second [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16060</link>
			</item>
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		<title>BHIVA guidelines for the routine investigation and monitoring of adult HIV-1-infected individuals 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[New guidelines for routine management of HIV are now posted to the BHIVA website and are published in the January 2012 edition of HIV Medicine (with free access). [1]
The comprehensive 40-page document includes a detailed review of the most important routine monitoring. It is an essential reference for understanding the current recommended minimum standard of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16056</link>
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		<title>Draft BHIVA pregnancy guidelines online for comment until 5 March</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The British HIV Association (BHIVA) Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2012 are now online in draft.
The overall purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on best clinical practice in the treatment and management of HIV-infected pregnant women.
The scope includes guidance on the use of ART therapy both to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and for the welfare of the mother herself, guidance on mode of delivery and recommendations in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16155</link>
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		<title>NICE guidance on increasing the uptake of HIV testing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The two NICE guidance topics that published in March 2011 are:

Increasing the uptake of HIV testing among black African communities living in England
Increasing the uptake of HIV testing among men who have sex with men

The free access support tools from NICE includes:

Online educational module developed in conjunction with BMJ Learning to help healthcare professionals in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16053</link>
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		<title>London Commissioning: new announcements</title>
		<description><![CDATA[London SCG Commissioning Intentions Published
The London SCG Commissioning intentions have been published and are available at this link below.
http://www.londonspecialisedcommissioning.nhs.uk/?assetId=705&#38;assetGroupId=704
London Adult HIV Needs Assessment
The London SCG has published the Executive Summary of the Adult HIV Needs Assessment, This shows that HIV is one of the fastest growing chronic conditions in London.
http://www.londonspecialisedcommissioning.nhs.uk/?assetId=707&#38;assetGroupId=704
Ensuring access to HIV care and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16051</link>
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		<title>Testosterone: A man&#8217;s guide: practical tips for boosting physical, mental and sexual vitality; by Nelson Vergel</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
This is the second edition of a book by the US activist Nelson Vergel. It is a users guide to testosterone by an HIV positive man who has researched the subject over many years for his own care.
The non-technical sections include helpful tips about what not to do as well as the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16049</link>
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		<title>2011 HIV Persistence Workshop</title>
		<description><![CDATA[6-9 December 2011, St Maarten.
The abstract book and the late breakers are available in PDF format. This site includes daily summaries of the workshop that will be followed in the next few weeks by more detailed reports.
http://www.hiv-reservoir.net/index.php/the-news/189-abstract-book-2011-hiv-persistence-workshop.html
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16047</link>
			</item>
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		<title>A Call for Comprehensive Responses to HIV in People Who Use Drugs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The Lancet article &#8216;Time to Act: A Call for Comprehensive Responses to HIV in People Who Use Drugs&#8217; originally published in July 2010 is now available in Chinese, Farsi, French, Japanese, Polish, Russian and Spanish from the Open Society Foundation.
The article reviews the available evidence to demonstrate how a comprehensive response can reduce HIV infection [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16045</link>
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		<title>Achieving a cure for HIV infection: do we have reasons to be optimistic?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Le Douce V et al. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2012) January 2012.
http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/01/31/jac.dkr599.full
Are there reasons to be optimistic that a cure for HIV infection may be achieved? From our point of view the answer is &#8216;yes&#8217;, but this will not be achieved in the short term.
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16041</link>
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		<title>2012 conference listing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The following listing covers some of the most important upcoming HIV-related meetings and workshops.
Registration details, including for community and community press are included on the relevant websites.
19th Conference on Retroviruses and OIs (CROI)
5–8 March 2012, Seattle
http://retroconference.org
10th European HIV &#38; Hepatitis Drug Resistance 
28–30 March 2012, Barcelona, Spain
http://www.virology-education.com
13th Intl Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy
16–18 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/101</link>
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		<title>Volume 13 Number 1/2 January/February 2012 PDF</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Download HTB January/February 2012e PDF file (600 Kb)

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16018</link>
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		<title>13th European AIDS Conference (EACS), Belgrade, Serbia, 12–15 October 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The 13th European AIDS Conference was held in Belgrade from 12-15 October.
Unfortunately abstracts are not yet available online, and although webcasts, podcasts and PowerPoint slides are available these require a login name and password (obtainable by email from the EACS secretariat).
The same login details can also be used to access training resources from a pre-meeting [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15966</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>European guidelines (EACS) &#8211; 2011 update</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The launch of 2011 guidelines from the European AIDS Clinician Society (EACS), extensively revised and updated, was probably one of the scientific highlights of the conference.
The three guidelines, previously printed separately, have now been collated together in a slightly larger format. This makes the print edition now more comprehensive and also easier [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15964</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Raltegravir achieves superiority over efavirenz after four years</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Four year results from a five year, double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority study comparing raltegravir to efavirenz (each with tenofovir plus FTC) in treatment-naïve patients were presented by Jurgen Rockstroh.
The study design, matched baseline characteristics and safety and efficacy results from earlier analyses have already been presented at earlier meetings. The new subgroup analyses [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15961</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Higher plasma levels of tenofovir and darunavir but not efavirenz in older patients</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Several studies looked at the association between older age and antiretroviral pharmacokinetics (PK).
Tenofovir
Muge Cevik from the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London reported results from a PK study suggesting that tenofovir clearance is significantly reduced with increasing age and resulting in higher drug levels (AUC and Ctrough). [1]
This included steady-state plasma levels from [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15959</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Ritonavir levels reduced with high fat meal</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Researchers at Makerere University, Kampala and the pharmocology group at Liverpool University reported a significant interaction between high fat meals and ritonavir as a booster in lopinavir/r (Kaletra).
Three meal conditions were studied in an open-label, three part, cross over study in 12 HIV positive people (6 men, 6 women) using lopinavir/r (2 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15957</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Transplacental transfer of raltegravir and delayed plasma clearance in preterm neonates</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Preterm birth is common in infants born to HIV positive mothers and is associated with an increased risk of mother to child transmission. Oral drug absorption in infants is unpredictable due to the immaturity of the gastro intestinal tract at this age. Preloading the foetus with maternal nevirapine (NVP) is common in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15955</link>
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		<title>2nd International Workshop on HIV and Ageing, Baltimore, Maryland, 27–28 October 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Although we were unable to attend this annual workshop we include the following reports thanks to natap.org.

Statin blocks negative impact of PIs on bone formation in vitro
HIV linked to frailty in middle-aged IDUs, especially with poor HIV control

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15953</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Statin blocks negative impact of PIs on bone formation in vitro</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Mark Mascolini, natap.org
Ritonavir-boosted or unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir promoted stem cell changes that could lead to decreased bone formation, according to results of cell studies by Jacqueline Capeau and colleagues at Saint-Antoine Hospital in Paris. Exposing the cells to pravastatin blocked these protease inhibitor (PI)-induced changes. [1]
Bone density declines with HIV infection, and that decline [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15951</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>HIV linked to frailty in middle-aged IDUs, especially with poor HIV control</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Mark Mascolini, natap.org
Comparing HIV-positive and negative injection drug users (IDUs) in a large Baltimore cohort, researchers determined that HIV infection independently raised the risk of objectively defined frailty and prefrailty. Frailty and prefrailty risks were highest in people with a CD4 count below 350 and a detectable viral load. [1]
Frailty boosts chances of hospital admission, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15949</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>51st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) Chicago, 17–20 September 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The annual ICAAC conference in recent years has had a reduced focus on HIV research but still includes studies that are interesting to highlight.
Unfortunately the conference restricts public access to this research. Although abstracts available online (for a short time) the database to access abstracts is not very user friendly and the long URLs often [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15945</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 12 Number 11/12 November/December 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[For this last issue of HTB for 2011 we bring together a diverse range of conference reports, treatment news, research views, global news, prevention updates and even a film review (of the excellent “We Were Here”).
The full contents highlights the breadth of these reports. Even for a publication heavily focussed on HIV treatment and research, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15861</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Monitoring kidney function change with cobicistat</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Cobicistat is a pharmacokinetic (PK) booster currently in phase 3 studies that unlike ritonavir has no direct antiretroviral activity. This Gilead booster might facilitate a wider range of coformulated boosted medicines: with elvitegravir and Quad (boosted elvitegravir plus Truvada) and with products developed by other companies (darunavir and atazanavir).
An early caution is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15942</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Intracellular raltegravir concentrations better with twice-daily than once-daily dosing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Mark Mascolini, NATAP.org
Intracellular concentrations of raltegravir stayed above the 95% effective concentration (EC95) in higher proportions of people taking this integrase inhibitor twice daily than in those taking it once daily, according to results of a 13-person study [1]. The average intracellular-to-plasma ratio was 0.37.
Raltegravir is licensed for adults at a dose of 400 mg [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15939</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Rilpivirine (Edurant) and rilpivirine/FTC/tenofovir FDC (Eviplera) approved in Europe</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In September 2011 the EMA recommended for approval for the NNRTI rilpivirine and a fixed dose combination (FDC) of a single pill formulation of rilpivirine/teneofovir/FTC. Approval has now been confirmed for rilipivirine and the 3-in1 FDA, which were launched in the UK on 1 December 2011.
Rilpvirine (tradename Edurant) has a European indication for use as [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15936</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>FDA updates US label for darunavir for serious rash</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 19 October 2011 the FDA approved updates to the darunavir (Prezista) package insert to include 192-week results from the Phase 3 registrational studies.
In addition, section 5.3 Severe Skin Reactions now includes the following text about combinations that include darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir:
Rash occurred more commonly in treatment-experienced subjects receiving regimens containing darunavir/ritonavir + raltegravir compared [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15934</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>FDA updates US label for raltegravir due to serious rash</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 2 November 2011 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved updates to the package information and patient leaflet for raltegravir (Isentress).
Postmarketing reports have included cases of severe, potentially life-threatening, and fatal skin reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Hypersensitivity reactions have also been reported and were characterised by rash, constitutional findings, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15932</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Lopinavir concentrations suboptimal at reduced dose of lopinavir/ritonavir 200/50 mg twice daily</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
An article published online ahead of print in JAIDS, November 2011, shows findings from a pharmacokinetic (PK) study to evaluate a lower dose of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) than that currently approved.
Reshmie A Ramautarsing and HIV-NAT colleagues from Thailand and the Netherlands performed a two-arm crossover study including 20 HIV-positive Thai patients. Participants receiving [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15930</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Switching to 50mg ritonavir dose for selected protease inhibitors</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
Although not appropriate for LPV (see previous article), a 50mg boosting dose of RTV may be sufficient for selected PIs, argue researchers from the University of Liverpool and Chelsea and Westminster in a letter to the editor published in the December 15 2011 edition of JAIDS.
Lower doses of RTV may be better [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15928</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New formulations, acquisitions and company announcements</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The last two months have been a lively time for pharmaceutical industry announcements concerning Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) and new compounds in the HIV and hepatitis pipelines.
Integrase FDC Quad submitted to the FDA
At the end of October, Gilead submitted a new drug application (NDA) to the US regulatory agency (FDA) for its [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15925</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Iranian doctors now freed</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Two doctors, who raised awareness for testing and treatment of HIV in Iran and who were the focus of a human rights campaign have now both been released. Doctor Arash Alaei and Doctor Kamiar Alaei were detained in June 2008 by Iranian authorities without cause and without charges or trial. [1]
The physicians, who [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15880</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New York court rejects AIDS denialist case against leading HIV community activist and journalist</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
It is with great pleasure, and considerable relief that we report that the New York State Supreme Court Justice Louis B. York granted summary judgment in favor of Richard Jefferys in a defamation lawsuit brought by an AIDS denialist named Celia Farber. [1] Jefferys was represented in the case by Joseph Evall [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15878</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>UK ban on HIV-positive doctors and dentists set to be overturned</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 24 November, The Independent Online reported that ministers are planning to launch a consultation later this year to examine whether it is justified to overturn the 20-year-old prohibition on doctors and dentists with HIV carrying out procedures that might potentially lead to blood contamination. It comes after a study of the evidence presented to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15876</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>We Were Here</title>
		<description><![CDATA[We Were Here, USA, 2011, 90 minutes. Directed by David Weissman.
Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
This moving documentary interviews five people who lived in San Francisco in the 1970s and who came through the HIV epidemic. It takes you slowly through their involvement and the impact of their experiences on their personal and professional lives.
The interviews are intercut [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15873</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>US guidelines (DHHS) update recommendations for first-line combinations (October 2011)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In October the US Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents were updated and posted online to the AIDSinfo web site.
This revision to the guidelines is focused on What to Start: Initial Combination Regimens for the Antiretroviral-Naive Patient. Additions and key changes to the section are outlined below. More detailed [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15921</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Global Fund cancels Round 11 and introduces new rules for grant renewals</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer (GFO)
The Global Fund Board has cancelled Round 11 in light of the Global Fund&#8217;s financial difficulties. This difficult decision was made at a stressful two-day Board meeting in Accra, Ghana, that ended yesterday evening, 22 November. The Board also announced new rules for grant renewals in an attempt to find savings that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15919</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Cure research: report from research workshop</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A report from a community-initiated workshop on cure research, held in Baltimore in April 2011 is now online in PDF format.
http://www.treatmentactiongroup.org/cure/2011-workshop-report
The meeting included a focus on the following issues:

If HIV eradication is the goal, how can this be proved when the best currently available tests may still miss the tiny residual amount of the virus that can bring the infection roaring back to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15864</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Free full text online articles</title>
		<description><![CDATA[PLoS Medicine
 Optimal uses of antiretrovirals for prevention in HIV-1 serodiscordant heterosexual couples in South Africa: a modelling study. Hallet TB et al.
PLoS Medicine Volume 8 (11) November 2011.
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001123
Timothy Hallett and colleagues use a mathematical model to examine the long-term impact and cost-effectiveness of different pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) strategies for HIV prevention in serodiscordant couples.
Cost-effectiveness [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15867</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>FDA approval of generic ARVs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Since the last issue of HTB, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted tentative approval for the following new generic ARV products.



Drug and formulation
Manufacturer, Country
Approval date


AZT/3TC/nevirapine FDC tablets 300/150/200 mg
Hetero Labs, India
18 November 2011


atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg FDC tablets
Matrix, India
18 November 2011



FDC: Fixed Dose Combination
&#8216;Tentative Approval&#8217; means that FDA has concluded that a drug [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15917</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>We need the Patent Pool to work</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Joint statement by TAC, TAG, HIV i-Base, EATG and SECTION27
The exorbitant price of AIDS medicines, especially antiretrovirals, has been one of the main barriers to people with HIV accessing them, especially in developing countries. As activist organisations we have been at the forefront of many of the struggles to make medicines affordable.
A patent gives a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15915</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Efavirenz under-dosing in children</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
An article in the December 1 2011 edition of JAIDS describes efavirenz (EFV) exposure in African children in the ARROW trial, dosed according to the 2006 WHO weight bands, which are similar to the manufacturer&#8217;s recommendations (the current approved paediatric doses).
ARROW is an open label randomised trial comparing routine laboratory to clinical [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15912</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Treatment response and duration of first line treatment in European infants</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
Investigators from the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord evaluated response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and predictors of switching or interrupting treatment in children starting in infancy up to 5 years from treatment initiation. Findings from this study were reported in the 28 November 2011 edition [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15910</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>US guidelines for management of older people living with HIV</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The American Academy of HIV Medicine (AAHIVM), the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) and the AIDS Community Research Initiative of America (ACRIA) has released the first clinical treatment strategies for managing older HIV patients: The HIV and Ageing Consensus Project: Recommended Treatment Strategies for Clinicians Managing Older Patients with HIV.
The executive summary and full guidelines are [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15907</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>New studies on HIV and the diseases of ageing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jefferys, TAG
The December 1st issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases contains a raft of papers addressing the issue of HIV and ageing.
A report from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study documents that illnesses typically associated with ageing are now the most common causes of morbidity in their cohort, which contains an increasing proportion of individuals aged [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15905</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Risk of cataract surgery higher in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative people</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jefferys, TAG
A population-based study carried out in Denmark to assess the risk of cataract surgery among HIV-positive individuals compared to large group of matched HIV-negative controls.
Risk was found to be greater among the HIV-positive population, with the highest risk among those with CD4 T cell counts below 200 (either on or off ART). Individuals [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15902</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>CD4 count &lt;200 independently associated with 5-fold increased risk of fracture</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
A study published in the July 1st edition of JAIDS by Michelle Yong from The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, reported a significant association between CD4 count and risk of fractures that was independent of traditional risk factors including corticosteroid use.
The group performed a 1:2 matched case-control study in HIV positive patients attending a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15900</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Exercise as immune-based therapy</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jeffreys, TAG
Many studies have reported that regular exercise confers health benefits and that, conversely, a sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality (particularly from cardiovascular disease). In recent years, researchers have begun to look more specifically at the immunological effects of exercise. The scientist Richard Simpson, formerly at Napier University [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15898</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Mapping the long genetic road to broadly neutralising antibodies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jeffreys, TAG
Over the past couple of years, several new antibodies capable of neutralizing a broad array of HIV isolates have been discovered.
As mentioned in prior posts about these discoveries, one common feature of these antibodies is that the B cells that produce them have undergone an unusual degree of somatic hypermutation—a process in which [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15896</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Monkey viral reservoir study goes for gold</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jeffreys, TAG
A small study of auranofin, a gold-based drug developed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, suggests it may be able to reduce the reservoir of SIV-infected CD4 T cells in macaques on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The paper appears in the 17 July issue of the journal AIDS [1], and previously generated some excitable media coverage [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15894</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Immune pressure on HIV</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jeffreys, TAG
Several recent papers offer insights into the role of the immune response in shaping the genetic make-up of HIV. In a well-publicised, open access paper by Vincent Dahirela, Karthik Shekhara and colleagues, a complex statistical approach called random matrix theory is used to analyse published HIV sequences and look for groups of sites [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15891</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Lymphocyte production capacity in HIV: links to immune activation &amp; immune reconstitution on ART</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jeffreys, TAG
A number of studies have documented that the body&#8217;s machinery for producing new immune system cells is impaired by HIV infection. In a new paper in the journal Blood, Delphine Sauce and colleagues delve into the issue further by analyzing circulating CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in over one hundred HIV positive individuals [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15889</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>International PrEP study (VOICE) discontinues use of tenofovir vaginal gel due to lack of efficacy</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
On 17 November a large international Phase 2b study looking at interventions to reduce HIV sexual transmission announced that it will discontinue use of a 1% tenofovir vaginal gel and matched placebo gel due to the study&#8217;s data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) finding no difference in efficacy between these two groups. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15887</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>UK Health Protection Agency (HPA) recommends universal HIV testing in the high incidence regions of the UK</title>
		<description><![CDATA[HPA press statement
The number of people living with HIV in the UK reached an estimated 91,500 in 2010, with a quarter of those unaware of their infection, according to Health Protection Agency (HPA) figures published just ahead of World AIDS Day on 1 December.
The report also showed how in 2010, one in five people visiting [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15885</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 12 Number 11/12 November/December 2011 PDF</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Download HTB November/December 2011e PDF file (557 Kb)
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15853</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>6th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, 17–20 July 2011, Rome</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This issue of HTB includes further reports from IAS 2011.
The conference has an open-access searchable abstract database online.
http://www.ias2011.org/
The ‘Programme at a glance’ can be searched for key words but requires a free software upgrade Silverlight which is quick and easy to do. Then from this page you can search abstracts or presentations.
http://pag.ias2011.org/
Sessions with PowerPoint slides [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15831</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Cure research and viral reservoirs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
In addition to the prevention studies and the progress on pipeline drugs that made most headlines (see the previous issue of HTB), a third set of presentations through the meeting supported the IAS Conference Statement on the need for the cure. [1]
That ‘the Cure’ might again re seen as an achievable goal [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15828</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Orange Farm circumcision results dispel concerns about risk compensation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, TBonline
Amidst the excitement about HPTN 052 at the Rome IAS meeting, the results of the ANRS Orange Farm circumcision programme received little publicity, despite stunning data.
Orange Farm was the site of the first of three randomised control trials that showed that circumcision reduces the risk of men contracting HIV in a predominantly heterosexual [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15826</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Randomised trial of ART in TB patients with high CD4 counts</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, TBonline
The benefits of initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) in TB co-infected patients with CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm3 have been demonstrated in a number of recent studies. [1-2]
Now an open-label randomised controlled trial by Nanteza and colleagues has been published that looks at patients with higher CD4 counts. The trial, run in Uganda, compared [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15824</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Once-daily nevirapine approved in Europe</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 21 September 2011 Boehringer Ingelheim announced that the once-daily formulation of extended release nevirapine (Viramune XR) had received approval for use in the EU
The new tablet is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medications for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. EU approval for the use of one 400 mg tablet once daily for adults [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15821</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Fixed-dose combination of rilpivirine/tenofovir/FTC (Eviplera) recommended for approval in Europe</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 23 September 2011 the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), the scientific committee of the European Medicines Agency, adopted a positive opinion on the Marketing Authorisation Application for the once-daily single-tablet fixed dose combination of the NNRTI (rilpivirine) with Truvada (emtricitabine and tenofovir).
The fixed dose combination will be called Eviplera in Europe.
It [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15819</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>ViiV withdraw European application for once-daily maraviroc</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 20 September 2011, ViiV Healthcare announced that it has withdrawn its Type II Variation to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and its Supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for once-daily (QD) administration of maraviroc (Celsentri/Selzentry) tablets in treatment-experienced patients infected with only CCR5-tropic HIV-1.
The submission was based [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15817</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>FDA approval of generic ARVs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Since the last issue of HTB, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted tentative approval for the following new generic ARV products.



Drug and formulation
Manufacturer, Country
Approval date


3TC/AZT 30 mg/60 mg for pediatric patients 3 months and older weighing at least 5 kg.
Cipla, India
22 September 2011


3TC/tenofovir 300 mg/300 mg FDC tablets co-package with nevirapine 200mg [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15813</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Increased risk of preterm delivery with protease inhibitor based HAART in Mma Bana</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
The Mma Bana trial compared antiretroviral regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission in pregnancy, with highly efficacious results and some of the lowest reported in Africa [1]
The investigators performed a secondary analysis to look at the occurrence of preterm delivery (PTD) among women in the trial with CD4 counts &#62;200 cells/mm3 randomised to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15804</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Global Fund adopts restructuring recommendations and close to 50% funding shortfall for next round of grants</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
A high level panel established six months ago by the Board of the Global Fund after widespread media publicity about corruption among some grant implementers released its report on 19 September 2011.
The panel, led by former President Mogae of Botswana and former US Secretary of Health and Human Services Michael Leavitt, was [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15815</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Efavirenz in pregnancy: update of systemic review and meta-analysis</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
A systematic review and meta-analysis by Nathan Ford and colleagues, to February 2010, showed no increase in overall birth defects with efavirenz (EFV) use in the first trimester of pregnancy compared to other antiretrovirals or the general population. [1,2] But, the authors were unable to come to a definitive conclusion concerning the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15802</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>AZT not equivalent to HAART to prevent mother-to-child transmission in a Botswana programme</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
A study, first presented at CROI 2011, compared mother to child transmission rates for women receiving AZT (with or without single dose NVP) or HAART in pregnancy in the Botswana national programme. [1] We reported these data in the May issue of HTB. [2]
This prospective observational study conducted between February 2009 and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15800</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Increased risk of HIV transmission to HIV-negative partners during pregnancy</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
Physiological and behaviour changes during pregnancy may increase risk of HIV transmission. Results from previous studies looking at HIV acquisition in women in pregnancy have been inconsistent. No study has looked at transmission from HIV-positive pregnant women to men directly.
Investigators from the Partners in Prevention HIV/HSV Transmission study &#8211; a randomised controlled [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15798</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Pharmacokinetics of paediatric tenofovir based regimens</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
In an article in the September 2011 edition of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Jennifer R King and colleagues from the P1058 protocol team reported pharmacokinetic (PK) data from children and adolescents treated with tenofovir (TDF) in combination with antiretrovirals with potential interactions.
PK results were shown for 47 participants aged 8 to 18 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15796</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Atazanavir pharmacokinetics in infants, children and adolescents</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden HIV i-Base
An article in the July 31 2011 edition of AIDS describes atazanavir (ATV) pharmacokinetics (PKP in infants, children and adolescents given alone and boosted with ritonavir (ATV/r). Jennifer J Kiser and colleagues from the IMPAACT 1020A phase I/II study evaluated two formulations of ATV, capsules and a dispersible orange-vanilla flavoured powder across [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15793</link>
			</item>
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