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	<title>HTB</title>
	<link>http://i-base.info/htb</link>
	<description>HIV treatment research reports</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Mon, 21 May 2012 16:35:59 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>13th International workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy  16–18 April 2012, Barcelona</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Introduction
This important annual workshop always includes studies that are not presented to other meetings.
Studies in this issue of HTB include:

Studies on pipeline ARVs: Quad, evitegravir/cobicistat, cobisistat, GSK1265744, BMS986001 dolutegravir, GSK-1265744, long acting formulations (monthly injections): rilpivirine-LA, raltegravir and patient views


Interactions between malaria drugs and etravirine or darunavir/r


No interaction between antimalarial amodiaquine and nevirapine


Atazanavir/ritonavir and voriconazole [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16536</link>
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		<title>Studies on pipeline ARVs: Quad, evitegravir/cobicistat, cobisistat, GSK1265744, BMS986001 dolutegravir, GSK-1265744, long acting formulations (monthly injections): rilpivirine-LA, raltegravir and patient views</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
This year the PK Workshop was notable for a number of important studies on ARVs that are already advanced in the pipeline. Please see the study abstract and Liverpool University report for more details on each study.
Quad
Quad is an investigational four-drug single pill formulation of the integrase inhibitor elvitegravir with the booster [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16538</link>
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		<title>Interactions between malaria drugs and etravirine or darunavir/r</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.drug-interactions.org
The steady state interactions between artemether/lumefantrine (40/480 mg for three days) and etravirine (200 mg twice daily) or darunavir/r (600/100 mg twice daily) were investigated in two groups (n=14 per group) of HIV negative subjects. Etravirine decreased the AUC of artemether, dihydroartemisinin and lumefantrine by 38%, 15% and 13%, respectively. Darunavir/r decreased the AUCs of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16541</link>
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		<title>No interaction between antimalarial amodiaquine and nevirapine</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.drug-interactions.org
The impact of nevirapine‐based ART on the disposition of amodiaquine/artesunate (600/200 mg once daily) was investigated in a parallel group study in 21 HIV positive patients (n=10 nevirapine; n= 11 ART naïve controls.
No significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine or desethylamodiaquine (the active metabolite) were identified between groups, however considerable interpatient variability was observed. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16544</link>
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		<title>Atazanavir/ritonavir and voriconazole not to be coadministered</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.drug-interactions.org
Voriconazole is a broad spectrum antifungal mainly metabolised by CYP2C19 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. Due to genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19, voriconazole AUC is on average 2‐4 fold higher in CYP2C19 poor metabolisers (PM) than in extensive metabolisers (EM). In a majority CYP2C19 EM population low dose ritonavir decreased voriconazole AUC [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16547</link>
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		<title>Pharmacokinetics of atazanavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.drug-interactions.org
Current dosing for raltegravir is 400 mg twice daily, but atazanavir increases raltegravir exposure by 40‐72% probably through UGT1A1 inhibition. This pharmacological pilot phase II study investigated the pharmacokinetics of raltegravir 400 mg once daily in 6 HIV positive men receiving 2 NRTIs plus atazanavir/r. Three patients were taking tenfovir/FTC.
Half‐dose raltegravir exposure, when combined with [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16551</link>
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		<title>Milk thistle (silymarin) and darunavir/ritonavir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.drug-interactions.org
The effect of the botanical supplement milk thistle (silymarin, 150 mg every 8 hours) on the pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir (600/100 mg twice daily) was investigated in 15 HIV positive patients. In the presence of milk thistle, Darunavir AUC, Cmax and Ctrough decreased by 14% (GMR 0.86: 90%CI 0.67-1.10), 17% (GMR 0.83; 90%CI 0.68-1.02) and 6% [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16553</link>
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		<title>Echinacea and etravirine</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.drug-interactions.org
While the botanical echinacea was originally not recommended for HIV positive people because of a negative impact on the immune system, this concern may have been over cautious, though there is little evidence supporting a clinical benefit. A study in 15 HIV positive people reported no effect on etravirine levels (AUC, Cmax and Ctrough increased [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16560</link>
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		<title>Warfarin and ARVs: impact of African American race and ritonavir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The commonly prescribed anticoagulant warfarin is highly susceptible to interactions with antiretroviral mediated through CYP 2C9, 2C19, and/or 3A4 pathways, although data are limited.
This retrospective, case‐control (1:2) study compared the warfarin maintenance dose (defined as the dose required to maintain goal INR) between patients on ART (n=18) and patients not on ART [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16562</link>
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		<title>18th Annual Conference of the British HIV Association (BHIVA), 18-20 April 2012, Birmingham, UK</title>
		<description><![CDATA[PRE-PRESS reports
Hyperlinks below to early reports for the May/June edition of HTB are published online in draft.
Introduction
This year the BHIVA spring conference was held in Birmingham and as usual it included both important national research and impressive international speakers. In addition to more than 40 oral presentations, the meeting included case studies and over 230 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16419</link>
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		<title>Oral PrEP acceptable to at least 50% of HIV negative gay men</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
This is only a personal observation, but the level of disinterest (and even hostility) from many healthcare workers in the UK to using PrEP to prevent HIV transmission, appears to increase in proportion to the evidence that supports its potential benefit.
The practical and medical concerns relating to cost, resistance, toxicity, adherence and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16466</link>
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		<title>Recent infections common in UK; 30% gay men aged 15-25 infected within a year of diagnosis</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Two years ago the UK Health Protection Agency (HPA) expanded access to avidity testing (which inciates the likelihood that HIV infection occurred within the previous 6 months) to all newly diagnosed patients. Additionally, the agency decided to return results to patients, with the understanding that this is more sensitive on a population [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16491</link>
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		<title>One third of HIV positive people at five UK clinics have symptomatic depression: link to adherence and viral suppression &#8211; 40% cases are untreated</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The ASTRA study (Antiretrovirals, Sexual Transmission Risk and Attitudes) is a UK multicentre prospective study using self-completed questionnaires relating to HIV and depression in over 3000 HIV positive people. Importantly, the study also correlates responses to adherence and clinical outcomes.
The PHQ-9 questionnaire used in the study classifies participants according to presence/absence of depressive disorder (DD) [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16422</link>
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		<title>Hodgkins Lymphoma: survival normalises to HIV negative rates despite more advanced disease at diagnosis</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
High levels of treatment response to chemotherapy for Hodgkins Lymphoma (HL) in the HAART era were reported in a combined analysis from five clinics, showing similar rates of event-free and overall survival compared to HIV negative controls.
Chloe Orkin and colleagues analysed all cases of HL diagnosed at five London teaching hospitals from [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16425</link>
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		<title>Promising outcomes from laser ablative treatment of AIN2/3 to prevent anal cancer</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The incidence of anal cancer is higher in HIV positive compared to negative populations with lower rates of clearance (87% vs 38% at 5 years) and progression rates from high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN 2/3) in observational studies range from approximately 8-14% over 5 years.
Thornhill and colleagues reported on retrospective results (median 69 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16431</link>
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		<title>KS in the HAART era includes patients with high CD4 and suppressed viral load: importance of KS chemotherapy for some patients in addtion to ART</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
An overview of Kaposi&#8217;s Sarcoma (KS) in the HAART era was given by Mark Bower from the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital who focussed on the continued use for KS chemotherapy and included recent cases of KS in patients with high CD4 counts (&#62;350 cells/mm3) and who have undetectable viral load.
While the incidence [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16434</link>
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		<title>3rd vs 4th generation HIV testing: almost half of UK clinics out of step with national guidelines</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
In 2011, prompted by calls to the i-Base phoneline reporting wide diversity in the information given to people contacting GUM clinics for HIV testing, i-Base wanted to understand why this was often different to UK guidelines. Although 4th generation HIV tests are recommended at four weeks post exposure, many people were still [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16437</link>
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		<title>Case reports of complications from ketamine use in two MSM on ritonavir-based combinations</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Zhou and colleagues from Brighton and Sussex Hospitals presented a poster detailing two cases of bile duct and liver complications related to recreational use of ketamine.
Both patients had regularly used ketamine for 12 months and were taking ritonavir-boosted PIs. Patients presented acutely with nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain. ALT was raised at [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16439</link>
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		<title>Intranasal and topical corticosteroids and risk of Cushing’s symptoms in HIV patients on ritonavir-based combinations</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Although iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome has previously been reported as a complication from the drug-drug interaction between ritonavir and corticosteroids (we included two cases in HTB last year), two posters at BHIVA this year highlighted low awareness of this interaction, and that this can also occur with intransal and topical formulations.
Neal Marshall and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16441</link>
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		<title>Outcomes from switches to atazanavir/r in London</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
From April 2011, ARV prescribing in London clinics was changed to reflect the outcomes of therapeutic tendering by the London HIV Specialist Commissioning Group (LSCG) for drugs that have similar activity. This resulted in potential bulk discounts for some drugs if predetermined sales targets were met, while maintaining clinical criteria for prescribing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16527</link>
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		<title>Intimate partner violence towards HIV positive women in the UK</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Rebecaa McDowall, HIV i-Base
Although previous studies outside of the UK have reported higher levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) towards HIV positive women there is a lack of UK based data on this subject. A joint study between Homerton University Hospital and City University, London presented findings of above average IPV rates at an inner [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16529</link>
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		<title>Global action over the challenge to India’s patent laws</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Rebecca McDowall, HIV i-Base
From 6-10 February 2012, activists from Delhi to New York, Johannesburg to London took to the streets to appeal to the Indian government and European Commission (EC) to act to ensure that the developing world continues to have access to affordable medicines.
Currently, the EU is pushing for India to adopt measures that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16269</link>
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		<title>19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), 5–8 March 2012, Seattle</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Introduction
The Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) conference is probably the most important annual scientific HIV meeting and it is also one of the most accessible for people who are unable to attend the meeting.
Most of the presentations are available to watch free online without registration. This includes web casts of the opening lectures, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16285</link>
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		<title>Cure research takes centre stage: proof of concept for activating the latent reservoir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base

For the last two years the major HIV conferences, including CROI and the International AIDS Society (IAS) have included cure research prominently in the main programme. This is new and significant.
At CROI in 2010, Anthony Fauci, head of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) announced that the US [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16287</link>
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		<title>Quad fixed-dose integrase combination: phase 3 studies at week 48</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The fixed dose, single-pill, four-drug formulation of elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/FTC, developed under the name Quad, is likely to be closest to regulatory approval (and has an FDA hearing in May).
At CROI, results were presented from two randomised, double blind, placebo controlled Phase 3 studies. One study comparing Quad to efavirenz/tenofovir/FTC (Atripla) was an oral [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16289</link>
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		<title>Dolutegravir studies continue to show promise</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Results from the SPRING-1 dose-finding study of dolutegravir plus two nukes (abacavir/3TC or tenofovir/FTC) compared to the FDC efavirenz/tenofovir/FTC (Atripla) were presented in a late-breaker oral session and were broadly similar at 96 weeks to 48 week results for the 50 mg arm. [1]
Two hundred and five subjects were randomised to receive [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16291</link>
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		<title>Tenofovir prodrug: 10 day monotherapy study sets dose at 25 mg for easier coformulation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Further data on the development of a tenofovir prodrug from Gilead (compound name GS-7340) were presented by Peter Ruane MD from Los Angeles. [1]
This compound is expected to have higher potency at much lower concentrations in all cell types with EC50s compared to the current formulation of tenofovir disoproxil fumerate (TDF) of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16295</link>
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		<title>Paediatric formulations of ARVs: including an exciting new class</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
International guidelines recommend universal and immediate treatment of HIV-infected neonates, which poses a significant challenge given the lack of suitable formulations in this age group.
Three posters at CROI showed novel “sprinkle” formulations of two integrase inhibitors and a protease inhibitor.
Dolutegravir
Dolutegravir (DTG) is a promising integrase inhibitor currently in phase 3 of development. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16308</link>
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		<title>Lower malaria risk in children receiving lopinavir/ritonavir-based compared to NNRTI-based ART</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Children with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa have significant morbidity and mortality risk from malaria. Interventions including bed nets and cotrimoxazole are not sufficient to decrease the risk in this population.
HIV and malaria parasites both encode aspartic class proteases, offering the possibility that HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) might have antimalarial properties. Furthermore, in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16313</link>
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		<title>High prevalence of d4T-associated lipodystrophy including lipoatrophy in children</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Data describing lipodystrophy in children from sub-Saharan Africa are extremely limited. However use of d4T is widespread among children receiving ART in the region: in 2008 to 2009 approximately 90% of children on ART were taking d4T.
Two posters at CROI 2012 described substantial rates of lipodystrophy in South African children aged 3-12 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16318</link>
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		<title>Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in children</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Induction/maintenance strategies in children are frequently discussed but underexplored and documented.
A poster authored by Pope Kosalaraksa and colleagues from the HIV-NAT 077 study team showed week 144 results for virlogically suppressed Thai children switching to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy.
In this study children with two consecutive viral load results &#60;50 copies/mL at least 3 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16321</link>
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		<title>Stopping treatment after early ART in infants</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
In an oral late breaker, Mark Cotton presented the final results from the Children with HIV Early Antiretrovirals (CHER) trial.
Interim results from CHER, announced in 2007, demonstrated the need for early ART in HIV-infected infants and influenced guidelines worldwide. The standard of care is now universal treatment for infants less than one [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16324</link>
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		<title>Supplement: i-Base Introduction to Combination Therapy</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new edition of the i-Base Introduction to Combination Therapy is included as a supplement to this issue of HTB.
Revised annually, this free guide is an introduction to treatment for people who are newly diagnosed, thinking of starting treatment or already on treatment. This non-technical resource is based on national and international treatment guidelines and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16284</link>
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		<title>Volume 13 Number 3/4 March/April 2012</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Welcome to the March/April edition of HIV Treatment Bulletin.
This issue largely features our first coverage from the annual Conference of Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, which this year attracted over 4000 delegates to Seattle.
Much of the conference is available as web casts on the conference website and references in HTB also link to the study abstracts. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16282</link>
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		<title>PrEP: PK modeling of daily TDF/FTC (Truvada) provides close to 100% protection against HIV infection</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base 
Introduction
New research at CROI suggested that protection against HIV could be close to 100% from daily TDF/FTC (Truvada) and this should change previous reservations about PrEP as an intervention. [1]
In some studies, daily Truvada dramatically reduced the incidence of HIV infection, especially in high-risk individuals, (by 42% in MSM in the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16327</link>
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		<title>Risk of HIV reinfection may be similar to risk of initial HIV infection</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The risk of HIV reinfection, sometimes called superinfection, has not been clearly established. Given the risk of initial sexual HIV infection from a single exposure in population studies is commonly calculated as generally low (although these estimates are dependent on the background prevalence) this is difficult to assess in small studies.
Genetic analysis [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16330</link>
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		<title>Case report: homozygous CCR5 delta-32 protection overcome by infection with X4 virus</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
A sobering and important report documented the case study of a man who was homozygous for the CCR5 delta-32 mutation that generally provides effective protection against infection from HIV.
With most circulating (and infectious) virus using the CCR5 co-receptor, individuals with this deletion in both chromosomes who are exposed to HIV provide a [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16332</link>
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		<title>No association between atazanavir and MI or stroke in D:A:D study</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
An update from the D:A:D cohort on the risk of cardiovascular events was presented as a poster. The D:A:D is a large cohort that includes more than 49,000 HIV positive people from Europe, Australia and the US that in recent years has become sufficiently powered to be able to look at associations [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16334</link>
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		<title>Hepatitis C coinfection studies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The conference included very encouraging results from the first studies of telaprevir (tradename Incivek, Vertex) and boceprevir (tradename Victrelis, Merck) in people with HIV/HCV coinfection.
Both studies generally showed similar response rates in HIV/HCV coinfection to those seen in HCV monoinfection. Sustained virological response (SVR) results at 12 weeks are highly predictive of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16336</link>
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		<title>Herpes Zoster vaccine safe and effective in HIV positive people</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Encouraging results were presented from the ACTG A5247 study on the use of two doses of a live varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccine (Zostavax, Merck) in almost 400 HIV positive people who were VZV positive or who had herpes zoster (HZ)/shingles outbreak at least one year before study entry, and who were [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16280</link>
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		<title>High dose flu vaccine improves antibody responses in HIV positive people</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Noah McKittrick and colleagues presented results from a randomised, double-blinded study comparing standard (15-ug/strain) to high dose (60 ug/strain) flu vaccine in 195 HIV positive adults. This study used the trivalent, inactivated, unadjuvanted, split-virus vaccine Fluzone (Sanofi Pasteur). Antibody titers to three strains (H1N1, H3N2 and B) were measured using the hemagglutination-inhibition [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16277</link>
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		<title>Dolutegravir Expanded Access Programme</title>
		<description><![CDATA[An Expanded Access Programme (EAPs) for dolutegravir, an integrase inhibitor in Phase 3 studies has been announced by ViiV Healthcare. [1]
This will provided open-label access to adults living with HIV who have documented raltegravir or elvitegravir resistance, who have limited treatment options, and who require dolutegravir to construct a viable antiretroviral regimen for therapy. [2]
As [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16274</link>
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		<title>FDA approves etravirine for treatment-experienced children 6 to 18 years of age and new scored 25 mg tablet for paediatric dosing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 26 March 2012, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved dosing recommendations for etravirine (Intelence) for treatment-experienced paediatric patients 6 to 18 years of age and weighing at least 16 kg.
In addition a new scored 25 mg tablet was approved for use in paediatric patients. Listed below are a summary of major [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16271</link>
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		<title>Why global health activists are fired up about Novartis</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Brook K. Baker, Health GAP
On 22 February 2012, the eve of the Swiss pharmaceutical company’s annual shareholders meeting in Berne, Switzerland, 50 AIDS activists, students, and community group members protested at Novartis’s Institute for BioMedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
The protest was part of a global day of action drawing attention to the pharma giant’s pending [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16267</link>
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		<title>Obama’s global, domestic &amp; HIV research budget backslides on existing commitments</title>
		<description><![CDATA[TAG press release
On 14 February, the US activist organisation TAG issued a press release, summarised below, that criticised President Obama’s recent budget and policy announcements.
Treatment Action Group (TAG) is deeply disappointed by President Obama’s proposed cuts to PEPFAR (President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) and bilateral TB funds, freezing of NIH (National Institutes of Health) [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16265</link>
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		<title>FDA reject capsaicin patch for HIV-related neuropathy</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
On 9 February the Advisory Committee to the US FDA rejected by a vote of 12-0 an application for a capsaicin skin patch (NGX- 4010, Qutenza) for an indication of HIV-related pain based on proven efficacy. They also voted 11-0 that data the benefits did not outweigh the risks, with the community [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16263</link>
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		<title>US HHS adult treatment guidelines updated (March 2012)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Updated US guidelines from the DHHS Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents are available online.
Key additions and revisions to the guidelines include: •	New section on HIV and the older patient
Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to greater longevity in HIV-infected individuals resulting in an increasing number of older individuals living with HIV infection. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16261</link>
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		<title>FDA warning of drug interactions between boceprevir and some HIV protease inhibitors</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The US FDA have notified health care professional and patients that drug interactions between boceprevir and certain ritonavir- boosted HIV protease inhibitors (atazanavir, lopinavir and darunavir) can significantly reduce the effectiveness of these drugs when used together. [1]
Merck, the manufacturer’s of boceprevir also issued a drug warning giving the pharmacokinetic data and the recommendation that [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16259</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Free comic book for HIV positive children about CD4, viral load and ARV treatment</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Free comic book for HIV positive children about CD4, viral load and ARV treatment
A booklet by designed specifically to explain HIV and HIV treatment to children.
The booklet is produced by Medikidz and HIV is one of many health issues in a series.
A low resolution copy can be viewed online.
https://www.yousendit.com/download/M3BuYkJoZEt6RTlBSXRVag
i-Base have a limited number free copies of this booklet for HIV positive children. If you would like us to send you one please contact Rebecca McDowall at i-Base:
subscriptions@i-Base.org.uk
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16253</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Free full text online articles</title>
		<description><![CDATA[PLoS Medicine
The following HIV related papers were published in PLoS Medicine, Volume 9(3) March 2012
CD4 Cell Count and the Risk of AIDS or Death in HIV-Infected Adults on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy with a Suppressed Viral Load: A Longitudinal Cohort Study from COHERE.
Young j et al.
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001194
The European COHERE cohort shows that in successfully treated patients the risk of a new AIDS event or death follows a CD4 cell count gradient in patients [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16248</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 13 Number 3/4 March/April 2012 PDF</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Download HTB March/April 2012e PDF file (770 Kb)

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16244</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>2nd International Workshop on HIV &amp; Women, 9-10 January 2012, Bethesda, USA</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This was the second year for this new workshop focused on research into the impact of gender on HIV and related health issues.
It is very helpful that the meeting organisers have posted most of the slides for the oral presentations online, together with free access to the conference abstract book.
Abstracts and presentations are available at [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16128</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Similar efficacy and a few gender related differences in side effects with rilpivirine vs efavirenz at 96-weeks</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Rilpivirine (RPV) did not show teratogenicity risk in pre-clinical studies and is therefore FDA pregnancy category B, nor does it interact with the oral contraceptives norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol. For these reasons, it could be a useful option for women of child bearing potential. 
RPV was non-inferior to efavirenz (EFV) when combined [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16126</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 13 Number 1/2 January/February 2012</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Welcome to the first issue of HTB for 2012, which includes an updated design thanks to comments from last years survey.
The last issue of 2011 highlighted serious concerns for global health, and the Treatment Access news in this issue continues this theme, with an indication that funding uncertainties will continue throughout the year.
This includes further [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16024</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>The effect of BMI on efficacy, safety and tolerability of lopinavir/r in women</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Body mass index (BMI) can lead to alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Data describing the relationship between BMI and clinical outcomes of ART in women are limited. 
Investigators from Abbott conducted a meta-analysis in women taking lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimens in order to look at the effect of BMI on efficacy, safety, and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16124</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Hormonal contraception and higher risk of non-AIDS-defining events in Nashville cohort</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Studies evaluating the effect of hormonal contraceptives (HC) on HIV disease progression have shown conflicting results. Previous findings have been from resource limited settings (RLS) and have not looked at the effect of HC on non-AIDS defining events (non-ADE).
Mainly observational data from Africa and Asia has shown both higher and lower rates [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16122</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Poorer adherence and loss to follow up in Kenyan women who are pregnant when enrolled to ART programmes</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
There are concerns that women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy may have greater difficulty with adherence to ART than those who are already aware of their status. This may lead to increased rates of vertical transmission and the development of drug resistance.
April Bell showed findings from a retrospective analysis of data collected [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16119</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>5th HIV Persistence Workshop on HIV Reservoirs, 6-9 December 2011, West Indies</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Richard Jefferys, TAG
Introduction
This meeting had a limited numbers of attendees and brought together an impressive group of leading researchers.
The abstract book and late breaker abstracts are available in PDF format from the conference website and links:
http://www.hiv-workshop.com/workshop-2011.htm
http://www.hiv-reservoir.net/index.php/the-news/189-abstract-book-2011-hiv-persistence-workshop.html
The site also contains daily rapid summaries of the workshop that will be followed in the next few weeks by [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16116</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Workshop report and commentary</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Inaugurated in 2003, the bi-annual International Workshop on HIV Persistence during Therapy (aka &#8216;the persistence workshop&#8217;) is the brainchild of researcher Alain Lafeuillade. The meeting presaged the recent explosion of interest in pursuing a cure for HIV infection, a pursuit many had considered quixotic until the case of Timothy Brown came to light in 2008. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16112</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Nevirapine prolonged release (PR) once-daily formulation available in the UK</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Following the approval in Europe last year of a prolonged release (PR) formulation of nevirapine (called extended release/XR in the US), this 400 mg once-daily tablet is now available in the UK.
The lead in dose of 200 mg once daily (using the original formulation) is still required, with the same caution not to increase to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16110</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Etravirine 200 mg formulation available in UK</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 17 January 2012, Janssen announced the launch of a 200 mg formulation of the NNRTI etravirine (Intelence). 
The recommended oral dose of 200 mg etravirine is one tablet taken twice daily following a meal. The previous formulation required 2 x 100 mg twice-daily.
These tablets are dispersible in a glass of water. This option may [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16108</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Tenofovir label extended to paediatric indication</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 18 January 2012, the FDA extended the product indication for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) to include dosing information in paediatric patients 2 to less than 18 years of age. 
An oral powder (40 mg per 1 gram of oral powder) formulation and 150 mg, 200 mg and 250 mg tablets were also approved to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16106</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>FDA approve US paediatric dose for raltegravir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 21 December 2011, the FDA approved dosing recommendations for raltegravir (Isentress) for paediatric patients ages 2 to 18 years and weighing at least 10 kg. 
In addition a 100 mg scored chewable tablet and 25 mg chewable tablet was approved for use in paediatric patients.
Safety, efficacy and formulation data were from the IMPAACT P1066 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16103</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>FDA approve paediatric dose for darunavir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On December 16, 2011, The Food and Drug Administration approved an oral suspension formulation of darunavir (Prezista). Darunavir is now available as a 100 mg/mL oral suspension.
Additionally, the product labeling was updated to provide dosing recommendations for paediatric patients ages 3 to less than 6 years of age and for adult and paediatric patients greater [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16101</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Efavirenz dose increase to 800 mg QD with rifampin in patients &gt;50 kg</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 6 January the FDA approved revisions to the efavirenz (Sustiva) package insert to include dosing with efavirenz and rifampin. The Dosage and Administration and Drug Interaction sections of the package insert were updated to include the following:
If Sustiva is coadministered with rifampin to patients weighing 50 kg or more, an increase in the dose [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16098</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>FDA approval of generic ARVs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Since the last issue of HTB, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted tentative approval for the following new generic ARV products.



Drug and formulation
Manufacturer, Country
Approval date


tenofovir/FTC 300 mg/200 mg tablets
Hetero Labs, India
22 December 2011


abacavir/3TC 60 mg/30 mg tablet paediatric (&#62; 3 months and &#62;5 kg)
Mylan Pharmaceuticals, India
31 January 2012


abacavir/3TC 600 mg/300 mg adult [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16096</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Disastrous warning for global HIV programmes in 2012</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Some of the first indications that the economic debt crisis in Europe will contribute to 2012 being a disastrous year for global health came in articles from the corporate financial institution Bloomberg Businessweek (not known for it&#8217;s focus on HIV news) and the mainstream scientific journal Nature.
This year will not be business [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16094</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Janssen block Patent Pool access to darunavir, rilpivirine and etravrine</title>
		<description><![CDATA[In a press release on 19 December 2011, the Medicine Patent Pool announced that Johnson and Johnson, the parent company for Janssen/Tibotec, have decided not to allow licensing of its antiretroviral products as part of the international collaboration to enable sustained and affordable access to latest HIV medicines in poor countries.
The Medicine Patent Pool, founded [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16092</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>UNITAID continues funding the Patent Pool, paediatric HIV medicines and malaria</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 14 December, UNITAID Executive Board announced its continued commitment to scaling up access for HIV/AIDS and malaria by allocating an extra US$138 million to HIV and malaria.
This included support for four years for the Medicines Patent Pool to negotiate voluntary licenses from brand companies to generic manufacturers to facilitate affordable access to HIV/AIDS medicines [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16089</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Michel Kazatchkine resigns from Global Fund: Gabriel Jaramillo, Brazilian banker, to serve as general manager</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer
On 24 January 2012, Michel Kazatchkine announced that he will &#8220;step down&#8221; as Executive Director of the Global Fund by mid-March. He said that his planned resignation resulted from a decision by the Global Fund Board two months ago to appoint a General Manager who will supervise many Global Fund activities and who [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16087</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Call to Action on Global Fund restriction to new funding to 2014</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Organisations and individuals are being urged to sign a Call for Action demanding that the Global Fund and its Board mobilise the necessary resources to create a new funding opportunity in 2012 in the amount of $2 billion.
Organised by civil society activists at the World AIDS Campaign they state that the cancellation by the Global [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16084</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Analysis of why the Global Fund cancelled Round 11</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer
At its meeting in December 2010, the Global Fund Board approved the launching of Round 11. At its meeting in May 2011, the Board discussed but did not change this decision.
Therefore, in August 2011, Round 11 was launched, and many CCMs devoted enormous amounts of work to preparing their proposals. Then last month, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16082</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Reaction to the Global Fund&#8217;s decisions on Round 11 and grant renewals</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Global Fund Observer
The following reactions from key organisations to the Global Fund&#8217;s decision to do away with Round 11 were highlighted in a GFO article.
Health GAP
&#8220;The funding window that was cancelled today would have enabled scale-up of lifesaving treatment and prevention services for HIV, tuberculosis and malaria to millions of poor people in developing countries.
&#8220;What [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16078</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Activists oppose Gates Foundation funding study using low dose d4T</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 14 December 2011 a group of prominent treatment activists from South Africa, Europe and the USA took the unusual step of contacting funders of a proposed international study. [1]
In writing to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the group were advocating against the proposed financial support for continued research into the use of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16076</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Delaying ART in childhood can reduce long-term CD4 count in adulthood</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
The decision to start ART in children is made with guidance based on age and CD4 percentage or count. Guideline recommendations are based on observed short-term risk of morbidity and mortality. ART can be delayed in children with CD4 values above the recommended thresholds for initiation to avoid toxicities, resistance and some [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16073</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>No increased risk of non-AIDS deaths from cumulative use of ART in EuroSIDA cohort</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, Centre for Social Science Research, UCT
Two ongoing concerns for HIV positive people on ART are (1) whether long-term side effects shorten life-expectancy? and (2) is premature ageing related to either ART or HIV?
While both short and medium term outcomes have so far been very good, data for these questions requires following large numbers [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16071</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Need for expanded access to two promising MDR TB drugs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nathan Geffen, Centre for Social Science Research, UCT
Two experimental drugs for the treatment of MDR TB have completed phase II clinical trials. While neither is ready yet to be registered with a regulatory authority, bedaquiline (formerly TMC207, manufactured by Tibotec) is already better tested than most second-line TB drugs and has a good side-effect profile. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16069</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Interactions between nevirapine and antimalarials (artemether and lumefantrine)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
Artemether-lumefantrine and nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) are the most commonly recommended first-line treatments for malaria and HIV respectively in Africa.
However, there is the potential for drug interactions with this combination as artemether and lumefantrine are substrates of CYP3A4 and nevirapine is both a substrate and inducer of CYP3A4.
This parallel-design pharmacokinetic study, obtained concentration-time profiles for [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16067</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Interactions between antiretrovirals and complementary and African traditional medicines</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
The use of traditional/complementary/alternate medicines in HIV/AIDS patients who reside in Southern Africa is quite common. This review looks at the mechanisms of pharmacokinetic interactions and summarises the published clinical studies and case reports of antiretroviral-herbal interactions. In vitro screening studies of several African traditional medicinal plants and extracts are described and details given in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16065</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Drug interactions between sirolimus (rapamycin) and ARVs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
This study aimed to i) evaluate the safety and toxicity of rapamycin (sirolimus) in HIV-infected individuals with KS receiving antiretroviral therapy, ii) investigate rapamycin interactions with both PI-containing and NNRTI-containing regimens, and iii) assess clinical and biological endpoints.
Seven participants, 4 on ritonavir-boosted PIs (2 lopinavir, 2 atazanavir) and 3 on NNRTI-based regimens (2 efavirenz, 1 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16063</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Supplement: HIV testing and risks of sexual transmission</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new i-Base guide is included as a supplement to this issue of HTB.

Read this guide online
Order a free printed copy
Download PDF

HIV Testing and Risks of Sexual Transmission was produced in response to the growing number of testing and transmission questions that i-Base receives.
This resource brings together research into the impact of treatment on transmission [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16029</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Draft BHIVA ARV treatment guidelines online for comment until 5 March</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1 positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2012 are now online in draft.
The scope of this document includes guidance on the initiation of ART in those previously naïve to therapy, support of patients on treatment, management of patients experiencing virological failure and recommendations in specific patient [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16058</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Contraceptive failure with etonogestrel implants and efavirenz: case reports</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
Two case reports of unintended pregnancies suggest that etonogestrel implants should be used with caution in patients on efavirenz.
The first case had been receiving efavirenz, zidovudine and lamivudine since November 2002 and had an etonogestrel implant inserted in January 2004. Pregnancy was detected in April 2006 and conception dated to December 2005.  The second [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16060</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>BHIVA guidelines for the routine investigation and monitoring of adult HIV-1-infected individuals 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[New guidelines for routine management of HIV are now posted to the BHIVA website and are published in the January 2012 edition of HIV Medicine (with free access). [1]
The comprehensive 40-page document includes a detailed review of the most important routine monitoring. It is an essential reference for understanding the current recommended minimum standard of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16056</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Draft BHIVA pregnancy guidelines online for comment until 5 March</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The British HIV Association (BHIVA) Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2012 are now online in draft.
The overall purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on best clinical practice in the treatment and management of HIV-infected pregnant women.
The scope includes guidance on the use of ART therapy both to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and for the welfare of the mother herself, guidance on mode of delivery and recommendations in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16155</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>NICE guidance on increasing the uptake of HIV testing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The two NICE guidance topics that published in March 2011 are:

Increasing the uptake of HIV testing among black African communities living in England
Increasing the uptake of HIV testing among men who have sex with men

The free access support tools from NICE includes:

Online educational module developed in conjunction with BMJ Learning to help healthcare professionals in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16053</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>London Commissioning: new announcements</title>
		<description><![CDATA[London SCG Commissioning Intentions Published
The London SCG Commissioning intentions have been published and are available at this link below.
http://www.londonspecialisedcommissioning.nhs.uk/?assetId=705&#38;assetGroupId=704
London Adult HIV Needs Assessment
The London SCG has published the Executive Summary of the Adult HIV Needs Assessment, This shows that HIV is one of the fastest growing chronic conditions in London.
http://www.londonspecialisedcommissioning.nhs.uk/?assetId=707&#38;assetGroupId=704
Ensuring access to HIV care and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16051</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Testosterone: A man&#8217;s guide: practical tips for boosting physical, mental and sexual vitality; by Nelson Vergel</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
This is the second edition of a book by the US activist Nelson Vergel. It is a users guide to testosterone by an HIV positive man who has researched the subject over many years for his own care.
The non-technical sections include helpful tips about what not to do as well as the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16049</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>2011 HIV Persistence Workshop</title>
		<description><![CDATA[6-9 December 2011, St Maarten.
The abstract book and the late breakers are available in PDF format. This site includes daily summaries of the workshop that will be followed in the next few weeks by more detailed reports.
http://www.hiv-reservoir.net/index.php/the-news/189-abstract-book-2011-hiv-persistence-workshop.html
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16047</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>A Call for Comprehensive Responses to HIV in People Who Use Drugs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The Lancet article &#8216;Time to Act: A Call for Comprehensive Responses to HIV in People Who Use Drugs&#8217; originally published in July 2010 is now available in Chinese, Farsi, French, Japanese, Polish, Russian and Spanish from the Open Society Foundation.
The article reviews the available evidence to demonstrate how a comprehensive response can reduce HIV infection [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16045</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Achieving a cure for HIV infection: do we have reasons to be optimistic?</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Le Douce V et al. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2012) January 2012.
http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/01/31/jac.dkr599.full
Are there reasons to be optimistic that a cure for HIV infection may be achieved? From our point of view the answer is &#8216;yes&#8217;, but this will not be achieved in the short term.
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16041</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>2012 conference listing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The following listing covers some of the most important upcoming HIV-related meetings and workshops.
Registration details, including for community and community press are included on the relevant websites.
19th Conference on Retroviruses and OIs (CROI)
5–8 March 2012, Seattle
http://retroconference.org
10th European HIV &#38; Hepatitis Drug Resistance 
28–30 March 2012, Barcelona, Spain
http://www.virology-education.com
13th Intl Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy
16–18 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/101</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 13 Number 1/2 January/February 2012 PDF</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Download HTB January/February 2012e PDF file (600 Kb)

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/16018</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>13th European AIDS Conference (EACS), Belgrade, Serbia, 12–15 October 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The 13th European AIDS Conference was held in Belgrade from 12-15 October.
Unfortunately abstracts are not yet available online, and although webcasts, podcasts and PowerPoint slides are available these require a login name and password (obtainable by email from the EACS secretariat).
The same login details can also be used to access training resources from a pre-meeting [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15966</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>European guidelines (EACS) &#8211; 2011 update</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The launch of 2011 guidelines from the European AIDS Clinician Society (EACS), extensively revised and updated, was probably one of the scientific highlights of the conference.
The three guidelines, previously printed separately, have now been collated together in a slightly larger format. This makes the print edition now more comprehensive and also easier [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15964</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Raltegravir achieves superiority over efavirenz after four years</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Four year results from a five year, double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority study comparing raltegravir to efavirenz (each with tenofovir plus FTC) in treatment-naïve patients were presented by Jurgen Rockstroh.
The study design, matched baseline characteristics and safety and efficacy results from earlier analyses have already been presented at earlier meetings. The new subgroup analyses [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15961</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Higher plasma levels of tenofovir and darunavir but not efavirenz in older patients</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Several studies looked at the association between older age and antiretroviral pharmacokinetics (PK).
Tenofovir
Muge Cevik from the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London reported results from a PK study suggesting that tenofovir clearance is significantly reduced with increasing age and resulting in higher drug levels (AUC and Ctrough). [1]
This included steady-state plasma levels from [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15959</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Ritonavir levels reduced with high fat meal</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Researchers at Makerere University, Kampala and the pharmocology group at Liverpool University reported a significant interaction between high fat meals and ritonavir as a booster in lopinavir/r (Kaletra).
Three meal conditions were studied in an open-label, three part, cross over study in 12 HIV positive people (6 men, 6 women) using lopinavir/r (2 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15957</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Transplacental transfer of raltegravir and delayed plasma clearance in preterm neonates</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Polly Clayden, HIV i-Base
Preterm birth is common in infants born to HIV positive mothers and is associated with an increased risk of mother to child transmission. Oral drug absorption in infants is unpredictable due to the immaturity of the gastro intestinal tract at this age. Preloading the foetus with maternal nevirapine (NVP) is common in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15955</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>2nd International Workshop on HIV and Ageing, Baltimore, Maryland, 27–28 October 2011</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Although we were unable to attend this annual workshop we include the following reports thanks to natap.org.

Statin blocks negative impact of PIs on bone formation in vitro
HIV linked to frailty in middle-aged IDUs, especially with poor HIV control

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/htb/15953</link>
			</item>
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