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	<title>ARV4IDUs</title>
	<link>http://i-base.info/idu</link>
	<description>HIV treatment research for injection drug users</description>
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		<title>Volume 3 Number 2 – December 2010</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Welcome to the December 2010 issue of the HIV i-Base bulletin ARV4IDUs.
In this issue, you will find our coverage of the XVIII International AIDS Conference, 18-23 July 2010, Vienna, Austria. As usual, we take a look at the main areas of latest scientific research and development that are of particular relevance to HIV and IDUs.
We [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/518</link>
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		<title>European Association of the Study of the Liver Monothematic Conference on Hepatitis D</title>
		<description><![CDATA[24-26 September 2010, Istanbul, Turkey
We include a report on hepatitis D from this new meeting.

Needs of neglected disease going unmet: a conference overview

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/520</link>
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		<title>US Department of Health and Human Services Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-positive adults and adolescents publish a special section on HIV and IDUs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[To recognise the importance of this document published in January 2011 and particularly taking into account its practical usefulness in certain settings, we include the whole section on treatment of HIV in IDUs.
http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/
HIV AND ILLICIT DRUG USERS (IDUs) (Updated January 10, 2011) 
Treatment Challenges of HIV-positive IDUs
Injection drug use is the second-most common mode of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/507</link>
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		<title>Needs of neglected disease going unmet: a conference overview</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Anastasiya Solovyeva, ITPCru
A specialised conference on hepatitis Delta (D) took place on 25-26 September 2010, in Istanbul, Turkey. The conference was organised by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and gathered together almost 200 health professionals.
This was the first conference on hepatitis D and for the first time the available information [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/496</link>
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		<title>XVIII International AIDS Conference: 18–23 July 2010, Vienna</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Treatment access will always dominate the programme of World AIDS Conferences. Since the Durban conference in 2000, every scientific advance at this meeting is rightly seen in the context of which populations, in a global health emergency, will have the opportunity to benefit.
This is one of the strengths of this meeting, which now has over [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/494</link>
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		<title>Navigating the IAS Vienna conference online</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
As with previous IAS conferences, much of the conference material is available online and HTB reports include appropriate hyperlinks.
Locating the appropriate files, presentations, webcasts, transcriptions or even the basic abstracts is more challenging. Access is routed through the ‘Programme at a glance’ link on the conference homepage. This requires a free software [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/492</link>
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		<title>The Lancet series: Global HIV epidemic among people who use drugs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Even though majot HIV treatment conferences hardly cover IDU issues and the big news is that there is no news, the 18th International AIDS Conference proved me wrong.
The symposium, organised by The Lancet and entitled Global HIV epidemic among people who use drugs, was perhaps the single most important event tackling the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/490</link>
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		<title>HTLV-II molecular epidemiology from HIV-1-positive Spanish injecting drug users</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
The Human T-lymphotropic virus-II (HTLV) is a human RNA retrovirus. It shares approximately 70% genomic homology (structural similarity) with HTLV-I.  Unlike HTLV-I, HTLV-II has not been clearly linked to any disease, but has been associated with several cases of myelopathy and tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-II infection has been predominantly detected in intravenous [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/488</link>
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		<title>Injecting drug use and ART: monitoring survival on treatment</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Iran has a concentrated HIV epidemic among the IDU sub-population. As a result, a significant number of people who need ART are either IDU or ex-IDU. In some studies it has been demonstrated that IDUs benefit less from ART due to higher mortality or less adherence to treatment.
A team of researchers in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/486</link>
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		<title>Dopaminergic signaling: a common neuropathogenic mechanism in the etiology of opiate addiction and neuro-AIDS</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
It is hypothesised that the modulation of the dopaminergic pathway may underlie the exacerbation of HIV encephalopathy observed with opiate abuse. An important constituent of dopaminergic activities within the brain is a 32 kDa dopamine and adenosine 3´,5´-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) which is recognised to be critical to the pathogenesis of drug addiction. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/484</link>
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		<title>Characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of injecting drug users</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Even though cryopreservation is a common practice nowadays, because it allows both functional and phenotypic analyses, it may induce significant changes in the cell viability, in cytokine production and in the surface markers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which may also alter the efficiency of T cell stimuli. This may be [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/482</link>
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		<title>High frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococci detection at post-injecting pyo-inflammatory complications in HIV-infected injecting drug users</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Studies have already demonstrated the possibility of post-injection pyoinflammatory complications (PIPIC) in HIV-infected IDUs consuming artificial drugs [1]. The most common complication registered is Staphylococci, however their methicillin-resistance has not been evaluated previously. To determine the role of MRS in various forms PIPIC, Popov A and colleagues carried out an antibiotic sensitivity [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/480</link>
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		<title>Poorer antiretroviral therapy outcomes in HIV-positive injecting drug users in Vietnam</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Of the 35,000 people who have received ART in Vietnam, more than half are current or former IDU. In the IDU subpopulation in the country, the prevalence of HIV-infection can reach up to 60% in certain areas. This situation requires a more in-depth understanding of the differences between IDU and non-IDU patients [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/478</link>
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		<title>Crystal methamphetamine injection predicts slower HIV RNA suppression among injection drug users</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Crystal methamphetamine (CM) use presents a significant threat to HIV prevention and treatment strategies. CM has been linked to sexual and parenteral risk behaviours and increased likelihood of HIV seroconversion, as well as poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy. In this study, the researchers examined the impact of CM injection on HIV RNA [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/476</link>
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		<title>Methadone based integrated care for IDUs in Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Injecting drug users comprise about 59% of all HIV positive people officially registered in Ukraine and only 7% of those were receiving ARV in 2009.
An the AIDS centre and two Drug Dependence clinics in Dnipropetrovsk region, the most affected in the country, implemented a comprehensive care model. The services provided on site [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/474</link>
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		<title>Risk factors for depression among intravenous drug users (IDUs) receiving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Depression is common among IDUs living with HIV and is associated with loss of social relationships, increased likelihood of risky behavior, and low-adherence to ARV treatment. Depression, however, often is considered as an insignificant problem, compared to other conditions that require urgent interventions and as a result of that majority of data [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/472</link>
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		<title>Effective strategy to scale-up HIV services among injecting drug users (IDUs) in prisons in Bulgaria</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
In Bulgaria, the number of prisoners detained for drug-related crimes and drug use increased up to 10-12% of the total prison population after the 2004 amendment of the Penal Code which criminalised the “single dose” possession.
Since 2006, the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Justice jointly introduced the regular provision of anonymous [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/469</link>
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		<title>Predictors of weight gain in a cohort of HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) initiating antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in Hanoi, Vietnam</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
It is documented that initiation of ARV therapy often leads to overall weight gain, but patterns and predictors of weight change over time have seldom been examined.
Tang A et al recruited 100 male, ARV-naïve patients, in Hanoi, Vietnam for a longitudinal study of nutrition and HIV. Subjects started HAART within 2 weeks [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/467</link>
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		<title>Clinical and laboratory predictors of FIB-4 elevations in HCV moinofected and HCV/HIV co-infected patients</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Drug users with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C rarely have a liver biopsy to stage fibrosis. Instead, medical professionals use FIB-4, as it is a reliable, indirect marker for detecting liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. As many factors contribute to the progression of fibrosis and taking into account their possible [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/465</link>
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		<title>Cortisol response to stress in HIV-positive IDUs is related to depression</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Even though there are much data on the link between cortisol levels and depression in several populations, its response to stress has not been thoroughly examined. In a previous study, Ownby et al showed that cortisol response to stress was related to cognitive function in HIV-positive injecting drug users (IDUs). In the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/463</link>
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		<title>The impact of injection drug use cessation and antiretroviral therapy on smoking cessation among HIV-infected injection drug users in Baltimore, MD 1988-2008</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
In this study, 1022 participants of the longitudinal ALIVE study (from Baltimore, MD) who reported cigarette smoking at baseline, who were HIV-positive, and who attended at least three additional semi-annual visits from 1988-2008 were evaluated via Kaplan-Meier estimates and discrete time proportional hazards models for the relative hazards for first reported attempt [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/461</link>
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		<title>Pharmacokinetic interactions between buprenorphine/naloxone and once daily lopinavir/ritonavir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
This study was conducted to examine the pharmacokinetic interactions between buprenorphine/naloxone and once-daily lopinavir/ritonavir (800/200 mg) in 12 HIV-negative subjects stable on buprenorphine/naloxone.
Compared to baseline vales, buprenorphine AUC (46.9 vs 46.2 ng.h/ml) and Cmax (6.54 vs 5.88 ng/ml) did not differ significantly after achieving steady state lopinavir/ritonavir.  Similar analyses of norbuprenorphine (the primary metabolite of [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/459</link>
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		<title>Worsening access to treatment for IDUs in the Russian Federation linked to the interruptions in ARV supply</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Denis Godlevskiy, ITPCru
The problem of interruptions of ARV supplies becomes increasingly painful across the world. This is particularly relevant, knowing that in 2010 only one-third of those in need have access to treatment and even for this third, treatment is not necessarily unconditionally accessible and without interruptions. Treatment interruptions are reported from all around the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/457</link>
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		<title>Reference Group to the UN on HIV and Injecting Drug Use releases Consensus Statement of recommendations for global action</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Independent reference group to the United Nations calls for evidence-based approach to address HIV among IDUs
The spread of HIV among injecting drug users continues to fuel the HIV epidemic in many countries, particularly in Eastern Europe and Asia. An independent expert group to the United Nations has warned that to control the spread of HIV [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/455</link>
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		<title>The International HIV/AIDS Alliance issues a good practice guide on harm reduction</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This good practice guide is aimed at people who are developing and delivering HIV and harm reduction programmes or services at a community level in resource-poor settings, or settings where there are low levels of capacity or political support for harm reduction programmes.
The guide is for people with limited experience of HIV and harm reduction [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/451</link>
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		<title>Hepatitis E vaccine candidate completely blocked disease</title>
		<description><![CDATA[An investigational vaccine against hepatitis E was shown to be completely effective in a large randomised trial in China.
The trial, involving more than 100,000 patients, found that none of the patients who received the full three doses of the vaccine (HEV 239 or Hecolin) developed hepatitis E over a 12-month follow-up, according to Ning-Shao Xia, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/449</link>
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		<title>A new report “Sinning and sinned against: the stigmatisation of problem drug users” by the UK Drug Policy Commission</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This report aims to summarise research about the stigmatisation of problem drug users; to explore the nature of this stigmatisation, its impacts and why it happens. These considerations raise some fundamental issues about the nature of addiction and the extent to which it is seen as a moral, medical or social issue. They also raise [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/447</link>
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		<title>Web resources</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The following organisations all include web resources about ARV4IDUs:
http://www.drugtext.org/library/legal/eu/default.htm
http://www.harmreduction.org
http://www.erowid.org
http://www.union.ic.ac.uk (see health and well-being section)
http://www.dancesafe.org
http://unaids.org
http://who.org
http://unodc.org
http://www.soros.org/initiatives/issues/health
http://www.ihra.org
http://www.hit.org.uk
http://www.opiateaddictionrx.info
Leading medical journal Lancet published a special issue on HIV and drug use. Free registration for free online access:
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/vol10no7/PIIS1473-3099(10)X7020-7
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/445</link>
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		<title>Future meetings: conference listing</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The following meetings are taking place during 2011:
3-7 April 2011
 Harm Reduction 2011: IHRA’s 22nd International Conference, Beirut, Lebanon
http://www.ihra.net/conference
23-24 May 2011
 International Society for the Study of Drug Policy Annual Conference, Utrecht,  The Netherlands
http://www.issdp.org/index.htm
1-3 June 2011
 7th International Workshop on HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfection, Milan, Italy
http://www.virology-education.com/
A listing of international meetings compiled by the European [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/443</link>
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		<title>Volume 3 Number 2 December 2010</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ARV4IDU December 2010e PDF (440 Kb)
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/440</link>
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		<title>Volume 3 Number 1 &#8211; July 2010</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Welcome to the July 2010 issue of the HIV i-Base bulletin “ARV4IDUs”.
As usual, we take a look at the main areas of latest scientific research and thinking that are of particular relevance to HIV and IDUs. This has been done by reviewing five conferences held since the last issue of this bulletin. Some of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/430</link>
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		<title>11th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy 7-9 April 2010, Sorrento, Italy</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Methadone levels reduced moderately by rilpivirine (TMC278)


Raltegravir and darunavir pharmacokinetics in liver disease

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/428</link>
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		<title>Methadone levels reduced moderately by rilpivirine (TMC278)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
The effect of TMC278 (25 mg once daily) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone was studied in 13 HIV negative volunteers stable on methadone maintenance therapy (60-150 mg/day).  TMC278 decreased the AUC, Cmax and Cmin of active R-methadone by 16%, 14% and 22%, respectively. Decreases were also seen in the AUC (16%), Cmax (13%) [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/426</link>
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		<title>Raltegravir and darunavir pharmacokinetics in liver disease</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
The pharmacokinetic profiles of darunavir and raltegravir were analysed in five HIV/HCV coinfected patients with moderate to severe liver disease. Based on the ultrasonographic and histological evaluation, two patients had HCV-related chronic active hepatitis, and three patients had a diagnosis of cirrhosis (Child Pugh stage B). Trough concentrations were determined 14 and 30 days after [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/424</link>
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		<title>17th Conference on Retrovirus and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), 16-19 February 2010, San Francisco, USA</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Introduction
The 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), one of the most important annual HIV meetings, was held this year from 16-19 February. As with previous meetings, much of the conference is published online including all abstracts and webcasts of oral presentations including selected poster discussions.
Making this scientific content available without login or subscription is [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/422</link>
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		<title>Hepatitis studies: IL28B genetics, HCV survival, FibroScan in acute HCV, MSM reinfection and responses to transplantation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
The following studies focused on aspects of hepatitis coinfection.
IL28 predict treatment response to IL28
Some of the most exciting coinfection studies included those elaborating on the recent association between genetic variations in the IL28B gene and both HCV pathogenesis and response rates to PEG-IFN and ribavirin treatment.
Andri Rauch from University Hospital Bern, introduced [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/416</link>
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		<title>A significant transmission bottleneck among newly and recently HIV-positive IDU in St Petersburg, Russia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Studies have shown that about 80% of the sexual transmission of HIV-1 subtype B and C is characterised by a genetic bottleneck, that is currently explained by low efficiency of virus penetration through mucosal layers and potential selective pressure at the sites of transmission in either the donor or the recipient.
Dukhovlinova and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/413</link>
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		<title>Similar immunologic responses to modern HAART among IDU and non-IDU in a population setting</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
In this study the researchers examined the impact of IDU status and a series of clinical indicators on immunologic response. The treatment outcomes of treatment naïve adults (≥18 years old) initiating HAART after the year 2000 were assessed.
The clinical indicators used were:
1)	Having &#60;3 versus &#62;3 CD4 count measurements in the first year [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/409</link>
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		<title>Highly active antiretroviral therapy eliminates HIV epidemics in a network model of an Injecting Drug User community</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
This model evaluates Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) as an intervention to reduce HIV incidence and prevalence in IDU communities. The model used is a network model based on a Mover-Stayer framework and on a previous cellular automaton model to evaluate HAART as prevention.
In the model, IDU are distinguished based on syringe-sharing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/406</link>
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		<title>12th European AIDS Conference (EACS)  11-14 November 2009, Cologne, Germany</title>
		<description><![CDATA[
Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive injecting drug users – results from the Danish HIV cohort study


Increasing uptake of HAART in HIV-positive ongoing drug users

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/403</link>
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		<title>Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive injecting drug users &#8211; results from the Danish HIV cohort study</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
This study looked into the effect of HAART in a group of HIV infected patients infected through injecting drug use (IDUs) compared to patients infected via other routes. In the Danish HIV cohort study, patients who initiated HAART from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2007 were identified. CD4+ cell counts and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/401</link>
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		<title>Increasing uptake of HAART in HIV-positive ongoing drug users</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
This study analysed the trends of antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake among HIV-positive current drug users seeking substance abuse treatment in the HAART era at three hospitals in Barcelona, Spain, between 1997 and 2007. The results were divided into 3 periods (p) p1: 1997-1999; p2: 2000-2003; p3: 2004-2007), reflecting the evolution of HAART [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/399</link>
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		<title>Eastern Europe and Central Asia AIDS Conference (EECAAC) 28-30 October 2009, Moscow, Russian Federation</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The general report covers IDU-related aspects of this conference.

General overview of the abstracts and presentations on HIV in IDUs

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/394</link>
			</item>
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		<title>General overview of the abstracts and presentations on HIV in IDUs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
It is commendable that this conference is already organised as a regular event and focuses on a region that was not so high on the list of other major international HIV/AIDS events. It is also good that local researchers can show their concepts of science development and scientific agenda. Unfortunately, the quality [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/393</link>
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		<title>49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) 12-15 September 2009, San Francisco, USA</title>
		<description><![CDATA[These drug interaction studies from ICAAC are from the Liverpool University HIV Drug Interaction website.

Efavirenz and substance use


Atazanavir and tobacco or marijuana


Darunavir/r and buprenorphine/naloxone


Raltegravir and methadone


NRTIs and buprenorphine

]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/386</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Efavirenz and substance use</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
The efavirenz trough concentrations in 17 HIV+ subjects with substance related disorders (SRDs) and 20 HIV-positive subjects without SRDs were evaluated. The median efavirenz trough concentrations in the SRD groups were lower with tobacco (1.76 vs 2.295 ug/ml), alcohol (1.41 vs 2.25 ug/ml), marijuana (1.73 vs 2.24 ug/ml) and cocaine (1.92 vs 2.05mg/ml), but higher [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/383</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Atazanavir and tobacco or marijuana</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
Atazanavir trough concentrations were evaluated in 32 HIV-positive subjects with substance-related disorders (SRDs) and 35 HIV-positive subjects without SRDs.
The median atazanavir concentrations in the SRD groups were lower with tobacco (0.314 vs 0.712 ug/ml), marijuana (0.238 vs 0.593 ug/ml), alcohol (0.534 vs 0.558 ug/ml), and opioids (0.325 vs 0.712 ug/ml), but higher with cocaine (0.768 [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/381</link>
			</item>
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		<title>Darunavir/r and buprenorphine/naloxone</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
The effect of darunavir/r (600/100mg twice daily for seven days) on the pharnacokinetics of buprenorphine was assessed in 17 HIV-negative subjects stable on buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance therapy (daily doses up to 24/6mg). There was no effect on buprenorphine AUC, Cmax or trough concentrations; however, norbuprenorphine Cmax increased by 36% and AUC increased by 46%.
No subject required [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/379</link>
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		<title>Raltegravir and methadone</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
The effect of raltegravir (400mg twice daily) on the pharnacokinetics of methadone were investigated in 12 HIV-negative subjects stable on methadone.
There was no change in either methadone AUC or Cmax in the presence of raltegravir and no dose adjustment is required.
Ref: Meeting Report &#8211; 49th ICAAC, San Francisco, September 2009. 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/377</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>NRTIs and buprenorphine</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
The interaction between buprenorphine and didanosine, lamivudine and tenofovir was investigated in 27 HIV-negative buprenorphine/naloxone maintained subjects.
Data for didanosine and tenofovir were compared to values obtained from 20 control subjects not receiving buprenorphine; lamivudine was compared to control data.
No significant changes in buprenorphine pharmacokinetics were observed when coadministered with didanosine, lamivudine and tenofovir. When compared [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/375</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Changes in the marketing authorisation for PegIntron, ViraferonPeg and Rebetol</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 24 September 2009 the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a positive opinion to recommend the variation to the terms of the marketing authorisation for the medicinal products PegIntron, ViraferonPeg and Rebetol
PegIntron and ViraferonPeg (peginterferon alfa-2b), from Schering-Plough Europe, to extend the therapeutic indication of combination therapy with ribavirin to include [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/373</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>EHRN highlights the opportunity to address overdose in GFATM round 10 proposals</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The European Harm Reduction Network (EHRN) has published a flyer designed to draw attention of CCMs, proposal writers, PRs to the links between HIV and overdose and to the opportunity to address overdose in round 10 proposals to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM).
The flyer covers the following eight main points:

Overdose [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/370</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Lancet publishes systematic review of IDU care services</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The 20 March 2010 issue of The Lancet included a systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage of HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs. [1]
The writers conducted a ‘systematic search of peer-reviewed (Medline, BioMed Central), internet, and grey-literature databases for data published in 2004 or later. A multistage process [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/368</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Response to the UN’s International Narcotics Control Board annual report</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The last INCB annual report is critical of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico for moves to decriminalize the possession of drugs for personal consumption. The report expresses INCB concern that such moves may “send the wrong message”, and concern over “the growing movement to decriminalize the possession of controlled drugs”. It calls for this movement to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/365</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Web resources</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The following organisations all include web resources about ARV4IDUs:
http://www.drugtext.org/library/legal/eu/default.htm
http://www.harmreduction.org
http://www.erowid.org
http://www.union.ic.ac.uk (see health and well-being section)
http://www.dancesafe.org
http://unaids.org
http://who.org
http://unodc.org
http://www.soros.org/initiatives/issues/health
http://www.ihra.org
http://www.hit.org.uk
http://www.opiateaddictionrx.info
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/362</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 3 Number 1 July 2010</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ARV4IDU July 2010 e PDF (300KB)
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/358</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 2 Number 1 October 2009</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Dear readers,
A warm welcome to our renewed edition of ARV4IDUs.
We would like to apologise for the gap from the last issue, which is related to a combination of both personal and organisational issues. We hope this issue is still useful as an overview from much of 2009 and we will now aim to return to [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/117</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, 19-23 July 2009, Cape Town</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Reports from the conference
Introduction
The IAS conference did not have a lot of new research related to IDU, although one of the sessions did focus on IDU-related issues. We include the following reports in this issue:

Influence of HIV infection on renal function among heroin users
Risk of developing specific AIDS-defining illnesses in patients coinfected with HIV and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/193</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Influence of HIV infection on renal function among heroin users</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
An Italian study from the Sao Paolo Hospital in Milan looked into the correlation between the occurrence of different AIDS-defining illnesses (ADIs) and chronic HCV infection or HCV-related liver cirrhosis. [1]
There are few data concerning the risk of specific opportunistic diseases in patients with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
The study [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/191</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Risk of developing specific AIDS-defining illnesses in patients coinfected with HIV and HCV with or without liver cirrhosis</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
An Italian study from the Sao Paolo Hospital in Milan looked into the correlation between the occurrence of different AIDS-defining illnesses (ADIs) and chronic HCV infection or HCV-related liver cirrhosis. [1]
There are few data concerning the risk of specific opportunistic diseases in patients with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
The study [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/195</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Response to first line antiretroviral therapy in patients with and without a history of IDU in Indonesia</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
This study from Indonesia, reported during the IAS Conference in Cape Town, looked at the response to first line HAART in IDU and non-IDU patients as injecting drug use (IDU) is often associated with lower uptake, retention and success of antiretroviral treatment (ART).
The participants were all registered as HIV-positive between 1996 and [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/188</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Screening, enrolment, and follow-up of IDUs in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis trial in Bangkok</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
The Bangkok Tenofovir Study is an ongoing randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using daily oral tenofovir to prevent HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs). Preliminary results on the trial status were presented at the IAS conference in Cape Town. [1]
The trial is being conducted in 17 Bangkok Metropolitan Administration drug treatment clinics. [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/185</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>HIV, HCV and somatic co-morbidity in a heroin maintenance centre in Switzerland &#8211; a case for an integrative medical approach to harm-reduction</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
As somatic diseases in IDU is not well investigated, the centre for heroin maintenance centre KODA in Bern, Switzerland compared the effectiveness of heroin maintenance therapy for criminal and socio-economic harm-reduction to evaluate the somatic health status of patients on heroin maintenance therapy and to assess the need for improving on-site somatic [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/183</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Performance of simple non-invasive scores to predict fibrosis in HIV/HCV co-infection in daily clinical practice</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Liver biopsy is the current gold standard for diagnosis of liver fibrosis in majority settings. As an invasive procedure, many HIV-positive people have either postponed or even refused it, sometimes leading to delayed diagnosis monitoring and treatment.
Non-invasive tests to predict fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfection have the potential to overcome some of the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/181</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Liver disease is associated with HIV/HCV co-infection and alcohol use among IDUs in Chennai, India</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Few data on the effect of HIV and HCV coinfection in IDUs have been collected from developing countries. Treatment decisions have been made based on data from developed countries, where the possible risk factors may not necessarily reflect the situation in lower income settings.
A study from Mehta and colleagues addressed this by [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/179</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Hunger and food insufficiency are independently correlated with unprotected sex among HIV-positive IDUs both with and without HAART</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Svilen Konov, HIV i-Base
Shannon and colleagues presented a study that looked at food insufficiency and risk taking in Canada. [1]
Previously, the data on these issues have nearly always been collected from resource-limited settings. The researchers examined longitudinally the relationship between food insufficiency and unprotected sex among HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) both with and without [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/177</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Drug and alcohol dependence: new advances and ongoing challenges in HIV treatment and prevention</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Sinead Delany-Moretlwe for IAS
It is commendable that the 5th IAS conference included a special session on IDU and dependence issues. It is unfortunate though that the session was poorly attended. Below is the report of the conference rapporteur Sinead Delany-Moretlwe.
The session highlighted the importance of treating drug addiction for HIV prevention. Advances in understanding brain [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/175</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>International Harm Reduction Conference (Harm Reduction 2009), 20-23 April 2009, Bangkok</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Introduction
A PDF file of the abstract book from the Harm Reduction 2009 is now available to download free from the conference website.
The site also links to a searchable database of conference abstracts,
http://www.ihra.net/Thailand/ProgrammeAbstracts
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/173</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Reflections on the politics of harm reduction and the global response to HIV</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Craig McClure, Executive Director, International AIDS Society
The following transcript is the keynote closing address from the conference.
Sawa dee Kap. Good afternoon.
Distinguished, compassionate and determined fellow harm reduction advocates, let me first thank the organisers, and Professor Gerry Stimson in particular, for providing me the opportunity to make some reflections on the politics of harm reduction [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/171</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Michel Kazatchkine discusses funding shortfall in harm reduction programmes</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Michel Kazatchkine &#8211; executive director of the Global Fund To Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria &#8211; at the opening of the Harm Reduction 2009 conference in Bangkok, Thailand, discussed the Global Fund’s budget shortfall and efforts to curb the spread of HIV among injection drug users. According to Kazatchkine, the Global Fund faces a shortfall [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/169</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Taiwan harm reduction programme for IDUs praised</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Taiwan’s harm reduction programme for injection drug users, which has reduced the number of new HIV cases among the group by about 50% over a three-year period, recently received praise at the International Harm Reduction Association’s 20th International Conference in Bangkok, Thailand.
Taiwan’s HIV incidence declined to 1,752 new cases in 2008, compared with more than [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/167</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>UNGASS Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND), 11-13 March 2009, Vienna</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A High Level Segment of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) was dedicated to the evaluation of the implementation of political declaration and action plans of the UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) held in 1998. The evaluation started in 2008 and will determine international drug policy for the next decade. Allan Clear from HRC [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/165</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Victory for maintaining the status quo</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Allan Clear, Harm Reduction Coalition
The High Level Segment (HLS) of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) ended mostly unobserved and unnoticed. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is the operational arm of CND. In 1998, a UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on drugs was held in New York. Rallied by the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/161</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>16th Conference on Retrovirus and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), 8-11 February 2009, Montreal</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Introduction
Abstracts and webcasts can be accessed via the conference website at the following link: http://www.retroconference.org
The following reports from the conference are included in this issue of ARV4IDUs:

Waning of virological benefits following directly administered ART among drug users: results from a randomised, controlled trial
Effect of substance abuse on ART pharmacokinetics
HIV among IDU in Almaty, Kazhakstan: driving [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/158</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Waning of virological benefits following directly administered ART among drug users: results from a randomised, controlled trial</title>
		<description><![CDATA[This study, conducted in New Haven, Connecticut, looked into the sustainability of the HAART results among IDUs after transition to self-administration of the therapy post DAART (Directly Administered Anti Retroviral Therapy).
The study had a very innovative and interesting design. It was a community-based, prospective, randomised controlled trial of 6 months of DAART compared with self-administered [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/156</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Effect of substance abuse on ART pharmacokinetics</title>
		<description><![CDATA[www.hiv-druginteractions.org
This study looked at a group of 275 patients, 47% of whom were active users of at least one substance (heroin 2%; cocaine 7%; marijuana 13%; tobacco 43%; alcohol 22%; prescription opioids 14%). It was found that a significantly higher proportion of substance users had antiretroviral trough concentrations below the therapeutic range (23% vs 9%, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/154</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>HIV among IDU in Almaty, Kazhakstan: driving forces and implications for HIV treatment</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Nabila El-Bassel, Columbia University Global Health Research Center in Central Asia
I’m taking you to a different part of the world, to Kazakhstan in Central Asia. Before I begin, I want to say that there are not much data in the region and I worked very hard to get data to present at this conference, although [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/152</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>During first 45 days post HAART initiation patients hospitalised most often for non-AIDS-defining infections: an interview with Stephen Berry, MD</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Bonnie Goldman, theBody.com
My name is Steve Berry, and I’m with Johns Hopkins University. I’m presenting the results of a prospective observational study showing the reasons for hospitalisations in HIV-infected patients after HAART initiation.
We looked at 2,000 people in our centre in Baltimore, Maryland who were previously naïve to antiretrovirals. All of them initiated HAART between [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/150</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>German vote on use of medical heroin opens door to EU consensus on drug treatment</title>
		<description><![CDATA[OSI press release
On 4th June 2009 the Open Society Institute issued a press statement in support of the decision by the German Parliament to approve medical heroin to treat dependence on opium-based drugs. This development comes only six months after Swiss citizens voted to include heroin as a possible form of treatment for drug users.
Carefully [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/146</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Iran estimates 20,000 people with HIV/AIDS: 78% related to IDU</title>
		<description><![CDATA[At least 19,435 HIV cases have been reported in Iran, with more than 1,000 cases recorded since December 2008, according to a report recently released by the country’s Ministry of Health. Of the 19,435 cases, 1,875 cases have progressed to AIDS. The health ministry estimates that about 80,000 people are living with HIV in the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/144</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>IRIN News examines HIV/AIDS awareness levels among IDUs in Myanmar</title>
		<description><![CDATA[IRIN News recently examined how the “thousands” of injection drug users in Myanmar have “little or no awareness of the risks” associated with the practice, including an increased risk of HIV/AIDS. The government reports that the number of registered IDUs in the country is around 70,000, with a majority of newly registered IDUs using heroin.
However, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/142</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>US CDC report examines high-risk behaviors associated with HIV among IDUs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A new report from the US CDC ‘HIV-Associated Behaviors Among Injecting-Drug Users’ is available to download in PDF format.
Researchers used data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System collected from May 2005 to February 2006 in 23 U.S. cities with high AIDS prevalence to assess trends associated with HIV risk behavior, testing and prevention services [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/139</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Thai activists Paisan Suwannawong and Karyn Kaplan receive international award</title>
		<description><![CDATA[On 30 March 2009, the John M. Lloyd Foundation announced that AIDS advocates Paisan Suwannawong and Karyn Kaplan of the Thai AIDS Treatment Action Group have been selected as the co-recipients of the $100,000 annual John M. Lloyd AIDS Leadership Award.
Paisan Suwannawong, a native of Bangkok, has been living with HIV for 18 years. A [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/136</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>ARV4IDUs editorial assistant</title>
		<description><![CDATA[HIV i-Base are looking for a freelance assistant editor to help produce ARV4IDUs.
Essential requirements include

active interest in IDU advocacy and access to HIV treatment
good written English and editorial experience
self motivation and good ability to work independently
ability to plan and adhere to publication schedules
interest in developing working involvement of the editorial board
interest in supporting and developing [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/134</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Web resources</title>
		<description><![CDATA[The following organisations all include web resources about ARV4IDUs:
http://www.drugtext.org/library/legal/eu/default.htm
http://www.harmreduction.org
http://www.erowid.org
http://www.union.ic.ac.uk (see health and well-being section)
http://www.dancesafe.org
http://unaids.org
http://who.org
http://unodc.org
http://www.soros.org/initiatives/issues/health
http://www.ihra.org
http://www.hit.org.uk
http://www.opiateaddictionrx.info
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/132</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Abstracts from IHR conference in Bangkok</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A PDF file of the abstract book from the Harm Reduction 2009 is now available to download free from the conference website.
The site also links to a searchable database of conference abstracts:
http://www.ihra.net/Thailand/ProgrammeAbstracts
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/130</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Learning from each other: enhancing community-based harm reduction programmes and practices in Canada</title>
		<description><![CDATA[CATIE publication
The Canadian Harm Reduction Network and the Canadian AIDS Society collaborated on a project to identify and document effective and innovative harm reduction programmes and practices, and to disseminate this information in order to enable organisations across the country to draw on each other’s experiences and successes.
http://orders.catie.ca/product_info.php?products_id=25188 
PDF version or printed copies through the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/128</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>At what cost: HIV and human rights consequences of the global war on drugs</title>
		<description><![CDATA[New OSI report

Human Rights Toolkit, authored by Karyn Kaplan, available online
First set of Guidelines for Prescribing Opioid Pain Medication published in February 2009

Earlier this year, the Journal of Pain released the first set of suggested guidelines released in the U.S. to advise clinicians on the use of prescription opiates for pain management. February 2009:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090206135315.htm
The International [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/126</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>HIV/AIDS surveillance in injection drug users (through 2006)</title>
		<description><![CDATA[HIV/AIDS surveillance in injection drug users slidesets in PDF, Powerpoint and Adobe Flash formats.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/idu/resources/slides/index.htm
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/124</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 2 Number 1 October 2009 PDF</title>
		<description><![CDATA[ARV4IDUs Volume 2 Number 1 October 2009 English PDF
]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/88</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Volume 1 Number 4 December 2008</title>
		<description><![CDATA[We would like to apologise for the late arrival of the fourth issue  of ARV4IDUs. We are looking at development grants for future issues that  will enable us to employ a new assistant editor who can steer the  project, write original copy and work to commission articles.
Although we haven’t got this in [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/250</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Antiretrovirals calculated to extend life expectancy by 35 years but still a 10 year difference for IDU</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
An analysis from a large international cohort study from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC) has calculated that antiretroviral treatment currently extends life expectancy for HIV-positive people to an average of 65 years. The study model used patients from high-income countries who start treatment when either 20 or 35 years old.
Using data [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/37</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Key papers on methadone and ritonavir</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Two papers will come to be recognised as pivotal contributions to our understanding of the mechanism of ritonavir changes in drug disposition.
Paper 1 provides clear evidence (data in healthy volunteers) that the effect of ritonavir on methadone clearance results from increased renal clearance and induced hepatic metabolism. It is important to note that the induction [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/42</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>17th International AIDS Conference, 3-8 August 2008, Mexico City</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Reports from the conference
Introduction
The International AIDS Conferences are held every two years, and  alternate between a developed and a developing country. Approximately  25,000 people attend and over 4,500 research studies are presented.
This year the conference had very few new scientific advances in  terms of new drugs or treatment strategies, but it did [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/248</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Substance use and harm reduction</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A powerful overview of all the issues associated with harm reduction was given by Dr Adeeba Kamarulzaman as a plenary lecture in a session that packed the vast main session hall.
A summary of the transcription from the talk is included below – but better still, get to a broadband internet connection and watch it first-hand.
Plenery [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/35</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Injection drug users and HIV: evidence based review of clinical treatment considerations</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Transcription: Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Several oral presentations on IDU issues relating to treatment were  included in a symposium on IDU and global responses.
Eric Goosby from University of Califaornia, San Francisco provided an  evidence-based review of clinical treatment considerations for IDU,  including ARVs as effective and life saving treatments, that recognised  drug [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/244</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Staphylococcal infections among injection drug users</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Transcription: Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Another talk in the IDU symposium was given by Frederick Altice from  Yale University and looked at management of staphylococcal infections  among IDUs. [1]
As an introduction, Professor Altice emphasied that skin and soft  tissue infections are the leading cause for emergency room visits and  hospitalisations for IDUs, [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/242</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Abacavir and heart disease: SMART study supports an abacavir-associated increased risk of cardiovascular disease</title>
		<description><![CDATA[Simon Collins, HIV i-Base
Jens Lundgren from the INSIGHT research group presented an analysis  of nucleoside toxicity and cardiovascular disease from the SMART  treatment interruption study. [1]
This issue was one of the most discussed clinical topics of the  meeting as GSK also presented an analysis from their trial database. [3]
In February 2008, the [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/239</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Impact of current, former or no injecting drug use on ARV access and response in Swiss patients</title>
		<description><![CDATA[An interesting poster of all patients in the Swiss cohort from  1997-2006 looked at the impact of IDU and access to drug treatment  programmes (DTP) on access to ARV and treatment response.
They classified IDU into: (i) former; (ii) DTP (drug treatment  program); (iii) DTP with ongoing IDU; or (iv) current drug use [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/237</link>
			</item>
	<item>
		<title>Success in access to ART treatment for IDUs through PLHA network and community participation, Vietnam</title>
		<description><![CDATA[A poster from Hang and colleagues reported on the successful  involvement of People Living with HIV in Vietnam, where 70% of  HIV-positive people are from the drug using community. The challenges in  successful ARV care include adherence, lost to follow up and drug  resistance.
The poster explained how the clinic in Thuy [...]]]></description>
		<link>http://i-base.info/idu/235</link>
			</item>
</channel>
</rss>

