Treatment training for advocates

Full index

23 July 2011

• 1 Immune system and CD4 count
  • 1.1-1.2 Introduction and aims
  • 1.3 Definition of AIDS (SIDA)
  • 1.4 Basic organs of the body
  • 1.5 How the immune system works (before HIV infection)
  • 1.6 How HIV interacts with the immune system
  • 1.7 CD4 count as a surrogate marker
  • 1.8 How quickly does HIV progress in different people?
  • 1.9 Interpreting CD4 results: CD4 count and CD4 percentage
  • 1.10 Differences between adults and children
  • 1.11 Different stages of infection
  • 1.12 CD4 count cut-offs and the risks of opportunistic infections (OIs)
  • 1.13 Use of CD4 count for starting therapy
• 2 Virology, HIV and viral load
  • 2.1-2.2 Introduction and aims
  • 2.3 Definition of HIV
  • 2.4 Other causes of illness
  • 2.5 HIV infection: key facts
  • 2.6 Viral load in early and chronic infection
  • 2.7 Reinfection with HIV
  • 2.8 What is a viral load test?
  • 2.9 History of viral load tests
  • 2.10 Impact of coinfections on viral load
  • 2.11 Compartments and sanctuary sites
  • 2.12 Viral load on and off treatment
  • 2.13 Viral lifecycle, drug resistance and adherence
  • 2.14 How CD4 and viral load are related
• 3 Introduction to antiretrovirals (ARVs)
  • 3.1-3.2 Introduction and aims
  • 3.3 What is combination therapy?
  • 3.4 Do the drugs really work?
  • 3.5 How HIV drugs work – main types of drugs
  • 3.6 Treatment guidelines
  • 3.7 When to start treatment
  • 3.8 Why three or more drugs are used
  • 3.9 Reducing viral load to under 50 copies/mL
  • 3.10 Treatment choice
  • 3.11 Side effects
  • 3.12 Can I change treatment?
  • 3.13 Can I take a break in my treatment?
  • 3.14 Recreational drugs, alcohol and complementary therapy
  • 3.15 Adherence – and why it is so important
  • 3.16 Tips to help adherence
  • 3.17 What if I forget to take my pills?
  • 3.18 Resistance to ARVs
  • 3.19 Treatment failure
• 4 Side effects of ARVs
  • 4.1-4.2 Introduction and aims
  • 4.3 Side effects overview
  • 4.4 Common side effects: feeling sick, diarrhoea and tiredness
  • 4.5 Liver toxicity and rash: nevirapine, efavirenz
  • 4.6 Peripheral neuropathy: d4T, ddI, rarely 3TC
  • 4.7 Lipodystrophy: d4T, AZT, nevirapine, efavirenz, protease inhibitors
  • 4.8 Mood changes, strange dreams, nervousness: efavirenz
  • 4.9 Anaemia: AZT and lactic acidosis: d4T, ddI, AZT
  • 4.10 Other side effects
  • 4.11 How to report side effects
  • 4.12 How side effects are graded
  • 4.13 Side effects diary
• 5 Opportunistic infections (OIs) and coinfections
  • 5.1-5.2 Introduction and aims
  • 5.3 OI and coinfection overview
  • 5.4 Gut infections: giardia, cryptosporidia, microsporidia
  • 5.5 Candida and other skin problems
  • 5.6 PCP
  • 5.7 TB
  • 5.8 MAI and MAC
  • 5.9 Hepatitis B and C
  • 5.10 CMV
  • 5.11 Toxoplasmosis
  • 5.12 Cryptococcal meningitis
  • 5.13 Cancer: lymphoma, and sarcoma
  • 5.14 Wasting and weight loss
  • 5.15 Malaria
• 6 HIV and pregnancy
  • 6.1-6.2 Introduction and aims
  • 6.3 HIV and pregnancy overview
  • 6.4 Mother's health and pregnancy
  • 6.5 ARVs in pregnancy: when to treat
  • 6.6 ARVs in pregnancy: choice and safety
  • 6.7 ARVs in pregnancy: side effects
  • 6.8 ARVs in pregnancy: resistance and adherence
  • 6.9 Screening and tests
  • 6.10 Other infections
  • 6.11 ARVs and the baby's health
  • 6.12 Choices for delivery and use of C-section
  • 6.13 When baby is born
  • 6.14 Breastfeeding
• 7 Drug users and HIV
  • 7.1-7.2 Introduction and aims
  • 7.3 Drug users and HIV overview
  • 7.4 Comprehensive and accessible care
  • 7.5 ARVs and recreational drug interactions: overview
  • 7.6 ARVs and recreational drug interactions: ritonavir
  • 7.7 ARVs and recreational drug interactions: street drugs
  • 7.8 ARVs and recreational drug interactions: methadone and buprenorphine
• 8 Clinical trials and research
  • 8.1-8.2 Introduction and aims
  • 8.3 Why trials are important
  • 8.4 Developing a new treatment: Phase I, II, III and IV studies
  • 8.5 Hypothesis and endpoints
  • 8.6 Main types of trial design
  • 8.7 Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials
  • 8.8 Other types of studies
  • 8.9 Grading of recommendations and levels of evidence
  • 8.10 How studies are reported
  • 8.11 Patient involvement in clinical studies and research
  • 8.12 Confidentiality for advocates involved in research
  • 8.13 Summary of different advocacy roles
  • 8.14 Glossary of other terms
  • 8.15 Questions and answers
  • 8.16 Course evaluation of Section 8
  • 8.17 Further information and links
  • 8.18 Key studies in HIV research
• Learning resources
  • AIDS-defining infections for CDC clinical categories
  • Common mathematical signs, symbols, statistical and medical terms
  • Drug levels, drug activity and side effects
  • How to read a graph
  • Log value to number conversion table
  • Opportunistic infections by disease type
  • Risk of opportunistic infections by CD4 count and effect of ARV treatment
  • Summary of interations between anti-HIV medicines and recreational drugs
  • TB and ARV drug interactions summary
  • Units of measurement
  • What happens when you take a drug?
  • What is an average?
  • WHO classification system for HIV infection
  • WHO recommended ARVs
• About this resource
• Authors and acknowledgements
• Copyright policy
• Notes for advocates
• Notes for trainers
• Full index
• Contents