{"id":10207,"date":"2019-12-01T12:00:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-01T12:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/?page_id=10207"},"modified":"2020-01-22T09:47:48","modified_gmt":"2020-01-22T09:47:48","slug":"tables-diagrams-and-illustrations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/testing\/tables-diagrams-and-illustrations","title":{"rendered":"Tables, diagrams and illustrations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The following graphic images open as individual images and can be enlarged when printing to use as handouts.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0Cartoon graphics<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Ways that HIV is not transmitted<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Cartoon-1-then-test.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Cartoon-1-then-test.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"330\" height=\"375\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0HIV testing: feelings of fear, anxiety and guilt<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Cartoon-2-it-is-not-HIV1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Cartoon-2-it-is-not-HIV1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"307\" height=\"368\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>How can my partner test positive and I test negative?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Cartoon-3-lucky.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Cartoon 3 lucky\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Cartoon-3-lucky.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"248\" height=\"317\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Figures<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Figure 1: Common risks for transmission<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-1.png\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 1\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"453\" height=\"603\" \/><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 2 &#8211; Viral load levels as HIV infection progresses<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-2-viral-load-over-time-FINAL.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-2-viral-load-over-time-FINAL.png\" width=\"524\" height=\"309\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 3 &#8211; The relationship between viral load and HIV transmission in Rakai Study [3]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-3-Rakai-FINAL.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-3-Rakai-FINAL.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"524\" height=\"309\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 4 &#8211; How to use a male condom<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-4-no-title.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 4 no title\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-4-no-title.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"524\" height=\"722\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 5 &#8211; Using a female condom<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-5-female-condom-FINAL.png\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 5 female condom FINAL\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-5-female-condom-FINAL.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"523\" height=\"288\" \/><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 6: Recommended time from exposure to HIV test<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-6-time-to-test.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 6 time to test\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-6-time-to-test.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"541\" height=\"163\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 7: Time to develop antibodies:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>95% people do this by week 4 and more than 99.9% by week 12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-7-time-to-antibodies.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 7 time to antibodies\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-7-time-to-antibodies.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"533\" height=\"221\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 8: Timeline for HIV infection, immune responses and window period for tests<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Figure-8-timeline-for-responses.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/12\/Figure-8-timeline-for-responses.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"386\" height=\"276\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Figure 8 shows the range of times that people can take to respond to HIV infection.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The earliest marker is HIV viral load. This is in the first weeks after infection (usually from 1 to 6 weeks after exposure). A high viral load is related to seroconversion symptoms.<\/li>\n<li>The first HIV protein (antigen) that can be measured is p24 (from 1 to 8 weeks after exposure).<\/li>\n<li>Viral load and p24 tests are not accurate for diagnosing early HIV if the results are negative.<\/li>\n<li>An HIV antibody response can be detected as early as two weeks in a few people and in more than 99.9% of people by 12 weeks. An antibody test at 4 weeks will detect 95% of infections.<\/li>\n<li>Antibody testing at 4 weeks can give you a good indication of your HIV status, but you need a test at 12 weeks after the exposure to be considered HIV negative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Figure 9: Cell structure of skin and mucous membranes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/New-Fig-9-web.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"New Fig 9 web\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/New-Fig-9-web.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"546\" height=\"604\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 10: How HIV crosses skin or mucosal barriers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Figure 10: How HIV crosses skin or mucosal barriers\" href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-10-HIV-crossing-barriers.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 10 HIV crossing barriers\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-10-HIV-crossing-barriers.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"534\" height=\"568\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 11: Timeline for HIV infection, immune responses and window period for different tests<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-14845 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/testing-graphic-fig-11-online.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1637\" height=\"1156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/testing-graphic-fig-11-online.png 1637w, https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/testing-graphic-fig-11-online-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/testing-graphic-fig-11-online-768x542.png 768w, https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/testing-graphic-fig-11-online-1024x723.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1637px) 100vw, 1637px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 12 &#8211; Different types of HIV test<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-12-type-of-test.png\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 12 type of test\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-12-type-of-test.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"526\" height=\"314\" \/><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13 \u2013 Average time after exposure to detect HIV antigens and antibodies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-13-time-after-exposure.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 13 time after exposure\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-13-time-after-exposure.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"526\" height=\"211\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 14: Diagram of a Y-shaped antibody<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The variable region &#8211; the antigen binding site (in yellow) and the constant region (in light blue)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 14 - Y shapped antibody\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-14-Y-shapped-antibody.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"295\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 15: How antibodies and antigens interact<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Figure 15 anitbody and antigen\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Figure-15-anitbody-and-antigen.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"193\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Diagrams for risk factors<\/h2>\n<p><strong>You and your partners HIV status<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1a-HIV-status.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1a HIV status\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1a-HIV-status.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"492\" height=\"210\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Viral load<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1b-viral-load-FINAL.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1b viral load FINAL\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1b-viral-load-FINAL.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"155\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sexual activity and condom use<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1c-condoms.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1c condoms\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1c-condoms.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"526\" height=\"147\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Oral sex<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1d-oral-sex.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1d oral sex\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1d-oral-sex.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"139\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sexual fluid<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1e-sexual-fluid.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1e sexual fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1e-sexual-fluid.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"139\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Duration of unprotected sex<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1f-duration.png\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1f duration\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1f-duration.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"527\" height=\"154\" \/><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vigorousness of sex<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1g-vigorousess.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1g vigorousess\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1g-vigorousess.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"527\" height=\"154\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Genetics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1h-genetics.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1h genetics\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1h-genetics.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"527\" height=\"134\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Medical male circumcision<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1i-Male-circumcision-FINAL.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1i Male circumcision FINAL\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1i-Male-circumcision-FINAL.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"523\" height=\"198\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1j-STIs.png\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1j STIs\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1j-STIs.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"138\" \/><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Luck (and statistics)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1k-luck.png\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Fig 1k luck\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/files\/2011\/12\/Fig-1k-luck.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"157\" \/><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following graphic images open as individual images and can be enlarged when printing to use as handouts. \u00a0Cartoon graphics Ways that HIV is not transmitted \u00a0HIV testing: feelings of fear, anxiety and guilt How can my partner test positive &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":5467,"menu_order":52,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-guides.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10207","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10207","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10207"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10207\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}