{"id":12918,"date":"2025-01-01T12:00:44","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T12:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/?page_id=12918"},"modified":"2025-07-31T11:11:39","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T11:11:39","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/art-in-pictures\/glossary","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-12956 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/johnwalter2-detail-3-e1498644381358-79x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"79\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/johnwalter2-detail-3-e1498644381358-79x300.png 79w, https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/johnwalter2-detail-3-e1498644381358.png 242w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 79px) 100vw, 79px\" \/>ART:<\/b> antiretroviral treatment (HIV drugs).<\/p>\n<p><b>ARV:<\/b> antiretroviral \u2013 an HIV drug.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/capsid-inhibitor-ci\/\">Capsid inhibitor:<\/a> a new type of HIV drug that works at several different stages of the HIV lifecycle. Lenacapavir is currently to only approved capsid inhibitor.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ccr5-inhibitor\/\">CCR5 inhibitor:<\/a> an HIV drug that blocks HIV from attaching to a CD4 cell (for example, maraviroc).<\/p>\n<p><b>Confirmatory test<\/b>: a second test to double-check the results of a previous one.<\/p>\n<p><b>Cross-resistance<\/b>: where resistance to one drug is also resistant to similar drugs in the same class.<\/p>\n<p><b>Expanded access<\/b>: a way to use a drug before it is fully approved. This is for people who need them urgently. It is also called \u201cearly access\u201d or \u201cnamed-patient\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><b>Fusion inhibitor<\/b>: an HIV drug that stops HIV attaching to a CD4 cell (e.g. T-20).<\/p>\n<p><b>Genotype:<\/b> relating to the genetic structure of an organism.<\/p>\n<p><b>Integrase inhibitor<\/b>: a type of HIV drug that stops HIV from integrating into the DNA in a cell (for example, raltegravir, elvitegravir, dolutegravir, bictegravir and cabotegravir).<\/p>\n<p><strong>mAb<\/strong>: monoclonal antibody (also bnAb: broadly neutralising monoclonal antibody) &#8211; biological compounds that are being studied for HIV treatment, prevention and cure.<\/p>\n<p><b>Mutation<\/b>: a change in the structure of HIV that can stop a drug working.<\/p>\n<p><b>NNRTI<\/b>: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor \u2013 a type of HIV drug (for example, nevirapine, efavirenz, rilpivirine, etravirine and doravirine).<\/p>\n<p><b> NRTI<\/b>: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (also called nucleoside analogue) \u2013 a type of HIV drug (for example, AZT, 3TC, FTC and abacavir). Tenofovir-DF and TAF are nucleo<i>tide<\/i> RTIs and work in a similar way.<\/p>\n<p><b>PI:<\/b> protease inhibitor \u2013 a type of HIV drug (for example atazanavir, darunavir, lopinavir, and tipranavir).<\/p>\n<p><b>Second-line therapy<\/b>: the combination used after your first treatment has failed.<\/p>\n<p><b>Treatment-experienced<\/b>: someone who has previously used HIV treatment.<\/p>\n<p><b>Treatment-naive<\/b>: someone who has never taken HIV treatment before. People who are treatment naive can still be resistant to HIV drugs if they were infected with drug resistant HIV.<\/p>\n<p><b>Viral tropism:<\/b> the type of coreceptor used by HIV in order to attach (and then infect) a cell. HIV can use CCR5 (R5 tropic), CXCR4 (R4 tropic), or both (dual or mixed tropic).<\/p>\n<p><b>Viral load test<\/b>: a blood test to measure the amount of HIV in your blood. Each test has a cut-off (usually 50 copies\/mL). Results below this cut-off are called undetectable.<\/p>\n<p><b>Viral rebound<\/b>: when current treatment fails and viral load starts to rise again.<\/p>\n<p><b>Wild-type virus<\/b>: HIV that has no drug resistance mutations. This is usually the virus that you are first infected with.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ART: antiretroviral treatment (HIV drugs). ARV: antiretroviral \u2013 an HIV drug. Capsid inhibitor: a new type of HIV drug that works at several different stages of the HIV lifecycle. Lenacapavir is currently to only approved capsid inhibitor. CCR5 inhibitor: an &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":12837,"menu_order":14,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-guides.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12918","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12918"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18909,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12918\/revisions\/18909"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}