{"id":4880,"date":"2001-10-01T21:36:28","date_gmt":"2001-10-01T20:36:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/moomango.co.uk\/htb\/?p=4880"},"modified":"2014-06-11T14:24:52","modified_gmt":"2014-06-11T14:24:52","slug":"dressed-to-kill-a-review-of-why-antiviral-cd8-t-lymphocytes-fail-to-prevent-progressive-immunodeficiency-in-hiv-1-infection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/4880","title":{"rendered":"Dressed to kill? A review of why antiviral CD8 T lymphocytes fail to prevent progressive immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>CD8 T cells play an important role in protection and control of HIV-1 by direct cytolysis of infected cells and by suppression of viral replication by secreted factors.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>However, although HIV-1-infected individuals have a high frequency of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells, viral reservoirs persist and progressive immunodeficiency generally ensues in the absence of continuous potent antiviral drugs. Freshly isolated HIV-specific CD8 T cells are often unable to lyse HIV-1-infected cells. Maturation into competent cytotoxic T lymphocytes may be blocked during the initial encounter with antigen because of defects in antigen presentation by interdigitating dendritic cells or HIV-infected macrophages.<\/p>\n<p>The molecular basis for impaired function is multifactorial, due to incomplete T-cell signalling and activation (in part related to CD3zeta and CD28 down-modulation), reduced perforin expression, and inefficient trafficking of HIV-specific CD8 T cells to lymphoid sites of infection. CD8 T-cell dysfunction can partially be corrected in vitro with short-term exposure to interleukin 2, suggesting that impaired HIV-specific CD4 T helper function may play a significant causal or exacerbating role. Functional defects are qualitatively different and more severe with advanced disease, when interferon gamma production also becomes compromised.<\/p>\n<p>Reference:<\/p>\n<p>Lieberman J et al. Dressed to kill? A review of why antiviral CD8 T lymphocytes fail to prevent progressive immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection. Blood 2001 Sep 15;98(6):1667-77.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11535496?dopt=Abstract\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11535496?dopt=Abstract<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CD8 T cells play an important role in protection and control of HIV-1 by direct cytolysis of infected cells and by suppression of viral replication by secreted factors. However, although HIV-1-infected individuals have a high frequency of HIV-1-specific CD8 T &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basic-science-and-immunology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4880"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4880\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}