{"id":119,"date":"2023-01-01T12:00:14","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T12:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/moomango.co.uk\/ttfa\/?page_id=119"},"modified":"2023-01-13T09:50:48","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T09:50:48","slug":"5-how-hiv-drugs-work-main-types-of-drugs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/section-3\/5-how-hiv-drugs-work-main-types-of-drugs\/","title":{"rendered":"3. 5 How HIV drugs work \u2013 main types of drugs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Like every living organism, in order to survive, HIV needs to\u00a0reproduce. For a virus, this is called replication.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>HIV mainly does this inside CD4 cells.<\/p>\n<p>HIV medicines block (or inhibit) different stages of this process.<\/p>\n<p>The different stages and types of drugs are listed below.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (<a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/category\/arvs\/nukes\"><strong>nukes<\/strong> or <strong>NRTIs<\/strong>)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (<a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/category\/arvs\/nnrtis\"><strong>non-nukes<\/strong> or <strong>NNRTIs<\/strong><\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Protease inhibitors (<a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/category\/arvs\/pis\"><strong>PIs<\/strong><\/a>).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/category\/arvs\/entry-inhibitors\"><strong>Entry inhibitors<\/strong><\/a>. This\u00a0includes <a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/category\/arvs\/fusion-inhibitors\"><strong>fusion inhibitors<\/strong><\/a><strong> and<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/category\/arvs\/ccr5-inhibitors\"><strong>CCR5 inhibitors<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Integrase inhibitors (<a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/category\/arvs\/integrase-inhibitors\"><strong>INSTIs<\/strong><\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Monoclonal antibodies <a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/category\/arvs\/monoclonal-antibody-mab\"><strong>(bNAbs)<\/strong><\/a> are another type of entry inhibitor. Unlike these other drugs, they are immune-based treatments.<\/li>\n<li>Capsid inhibitors (<a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/guides\/category\/arvs\/capsid-inhibitors\"><strong>CIs<\/strong><\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Budding and maturation inhibitors (research stage only).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Different drugs work at different stages of the HIV life cycle<\/h2>\n<p><strong>HIV<\/strong> uses a\u00a0<strong>CD4 cell<\/strong>\u00a0as a\u00a0factory\u00a0to make <strong>hundreds of copies<\/strong> of itself.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Lifecycle-and-different-drugs-2021.png\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1534 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Lifecycle-and-different-drugs-2021-1024x944.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Lifecycle-and-different-drugs-2021-1024x944.png 1024w, https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Lifecycle-and-different-drugs-2021-300x276.png 300w, https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Lifecycle-and-different-drugs-2021-768x708.png 768w, https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Lifecycle-and-different-drugs-2021-1536x1416.png 1536w, https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Lifecycle-and-different-drugs-2021-2048x1887.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Entry inhibitors<\/strong> work by stopping HIV getting into the CD4 cell.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nukes and non-nukes<\/strong> work by stopping HIV becomes a double strand of DNA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Integrase inhibitors<\/strong> work by stopping HIV from being integrated into human DNA (genetic material).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Protease inhibitors<\/strong> work by stopping any new HIV from being cut into smaller, manageable proteins.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Capsid inhibitors<\/strong>\u00a0work at several stages. One stage is to stop the capsid releasing viral enzymes in the cell nucleus. They can also work at a late stage when new virus is being completed. There is a capsid inhibitor in late stage development.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Budding and maturation inhibitors<\/strong>\u00a0work by stopping any new HIV from being able to go on to infect other CD4 cells. These are still in research.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Further reading<\/h2>\n<p><strong>The <a href=\"https:\/\/i-base.info\/htb\/41142\">2021 i-Base adult pipeline report<\/a> includes a chapter on antiretrovirals. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is a review of new drugs, combinations and drug classes in development.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Like every living organism, in order to survive, HIV needs to\u00a0reproduce. For a virus, this is called replication. HIV mainly does this inside CD4 cells. HIV medicines block (or inhibit) different stages of this process. The different stages and types &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":110,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-119","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i-base.info\/ttfa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}