Glossary

microbicide – a gel that may protect against infection.In reference to HIV, this is usually referring to a gel that could be applied before sex. In 2010 a study called Caprisa 004 provided the first evidence that a microbicide (in this case a gel containing the HIV drug tenofovir) might protect against HIV infection.

CD4 cells are white blood cells in your immune system. CD4 cells signal to CD8 cells to destroy a virus. CD4 cells are also used by HIV as factories to reproduce in.

cirrhosis – severe scarring of the liver (see fibrosis) that makes it difficult for the liver to carry out its functions

bilirubin – a liver enzyme. Increased levels of bilirubin lead to a yellowing of the skin or eyes.

Bilirubin and side effects

primary HIV infection (PHI) – early infection (usually first six months with after HIV infection). Sometimes called acute infection.