Tables and diagrams
Collected key tables and diagrams in the guide.
When not on treatment, your immune system works in overdrive
CD4 increases on ART
Drug levels with good adherence
Drug doses are calculated so that average drug levels are high enough to be active against HIV for 24 hours a day. They are also low enough to minimise the risk of side effects.
A missed or late dose increases the risk of resistance
Missing or being late with a drug lets the drug levels fall to a level where resistance can develop. The more often you are late, the greater the chance of resistance.
The main types of HIV drugs
Abbreviation | Full name(s) |
---|---|
NRTIs/NtRTIs (“nukes”) | Nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors or nucleoside/tide analogues. These were the first types of HIV drugs. |
NNRTIs (“non-nukes”) |
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. |
PIs | Protease inhibitors. |
INIs (or INSTIs) | Integrase (strand transfer) inhibitors. |
CCR5 inhibitors | CCR5 inhibitors are a type of entry inhibitor. |
mAbs | Monoclonal antibodies – which also block entry to the CD4 cell. |
Capsid inhibitors | Capsid inhibitors are a new class that works both early and late in the viral life cycle. |
Fusion inhibitors | Fusion inhibitors are a type of entry inhibitor. |
HIV lifecycle – how drugs work in different ways
If a CD4 cell is infected by HIV, this cell is used to produce hundreds of new copies of HIV. Different drugs block different parts of this HIV life cycle.
First combination meds
UK guidelines include starting treatment with two nukes plus a third component.
PREFERRED | ALTERNATIVE* | |
---|---|---|
Two nukes | tenofovir (TD) + emtricitabine (Truvada) | abacavir + lamivudine (Kivexa) ** or
tenofovir (TAF) + emtricitabine. |
Plus a third component | Unboosted INSTI: bictegravir or dolutegravir or darunavir – boosted PI or doravirine – NNRTI * |
boosted INSTI (elvitegravir) or rilpivirine* (NNRTI) *** |
* Drugs that can only be used in some situations. Rilpivirine can only be used when viral load is less than 100,000 copies/mL. Abacavir can only be used if the HLA B-5701 test is negative.
** abacavir + lamivudine (Kivexa) can be used at any viral load when used with dolutegravir. Otherwise, Kivexa can only be used when viral load is less than 100,000 copies/mL
*** Although efavirenz is no longer a prefered drug, it might still be offered in some clinics.
Last updated: 1 May 2022.