Glossary

immune system – the system that your body uses to fight infections.

antigen – a protein found on the surface of a virus or bacteria. It is recognised by the immune system which then generates antibodies.

antioxidant – a substance that reduces oxidative damage (damage due to oxygen) such as that caused by ‘free radicals’

preclinical refers to the early development stage for a new drug, before any testing on humans. This includes they laboratory and animal tests. Preclinical studies will not always show what will happen when people use the drugs, but can provide a guide to serious problems that could occur.

In utero is within the uterus or womb before the onset of labour.