Glossary

protozoa – a single-celled animals that are larger and more complex than bacteria.

substitution therapy – using a prescription drug, eg methadone or buprenorphine, to stop using heroin.

IRIS (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) – illnesses that occur when HIV treatment is started when the CD4 count is very low.

IRIS occurs because the immune system quickly becomes stronger and identifies infections that it was previously too weak to fight.

IRIS can occur in 1 in 4 (25%) people who start with a CD4 count under 50 cells/mm³.

Although the symtoms are serious, IRIS can usually be easily managed.

Common infections related to IRIS include TB and CMV.

antigen – a protein found on the surface of a virus or bacteria. It is recognised by the immune system which then generates antibodies.

PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) – a short course of HIV treatment to HIV to reduce the chance of infection. See prophylaxis and PrEP.