Question
Can an HIV negative woman and her HIV positive partner conceive naturally?
16 January 2018. Related: All topics, PEP/PEPSE, Pregnancy, Sero different couples.
My boyfriend is HIV positive and I am negative. We have unprotected sex regularly and are interested in becoming pregnant the old fashioned way rather than using the sperm washing method.
– What are my chances, percentage wise, of catching HIV?
– How often should I get tested?
– How long does it take for the infection to be detectable?
– Will my baby be at risk?
– Will the baby automatically be HIV positive?
– Is this a very ignorant choice?
– Should I take the medications as well as a precaution?
– Also, is my three year old daughter who lives with us at risk? What should I do to keep her safe?
– What are safe viral load counts for him to have?
I feel very confused, but I love my boyfriend and enjoy our sex life. Please answer these questions and ease my anxiety a bit.
Answer
Thank you for your questions. I shall try and answer them one at a time.
Modern HIV meds are so effective that they also protect your partner. Spermwashing has not been needed or recommended for many years.
What are my chances, percentage wise, of contracting HIV?
An HIV negative woman and an HIV positive man can conceive naturally.
This can be done through limited conception attempts during the most fertile days of your cycle. i.e when you are as ovulating.
If your partner has an undetectable viral load on treatment (ideally for a few months), then the risk becomes zero.
The PARTNER study reported zero HIV transmissions after about 900 couples had sex than 58,000 times without a condom when the positive partner had an undetectable viral load.
For more information on HIV and natural conception, please follow this link on HIV and pregnancy and this link on the Swiss Statement.
How often should I get tested and how long does it take for the infection to be detectable?
For information on HIV testing and the window period [time between exposure and when infection can be picked by an HIV test], please follow this link
Will the baby automatically be HIV positive?
As you are HIV negative, the baby will be HIV negative.
Will my baby be at risk?
Your baby can be at risk if you become HIV positive whilst pregnant and your viral load is very high. Returning to using condoms after you become pregnant might still be a good idea, even when your partners viral load is undetectable.
A high viral load is one of the main risk factors for transmission. If viral load is detectable, there is a higher risk of catching HIV during pregnancy.
Transmission to the baby can occur at 3 stages, but only if you become HIV positive.
- During pregnancy
- At the time of delivery
- Through breast-feeding.
However, there are interventions to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby during pregnancy and birth. These include:
- Taking treatment so that viral load is undetectable by the time of delivery
- Giving the baby a course of treatment for the first 4 weeks of life.
For more information please follow this link.
Is it an ignorant choice?
This is not an ignorant choice. Many thousands of couples in your situation have children naturally. Luckily treatment now dramatically reduces the risk of transmitting HIV if this process is done carefully.
However, it is important that both you and your partner make an informed choice. It is recommended that you discuss your options with your doctor.
Should I take medication as a precaution?
Sometimes PrEP [Pre exposure Prophylaxis] and PEP [Post Exposure Prophylaxis] are used an additional precaution. This involves taking a single dose of treatment before and after having sex.
PrEP is not likely to add much or any protection, because having an undetectable viral load is enough. It might help for psychologically if you are nervous. PrEP is very effective too.
More information on PrEP is at this this link
Is my 3 year old at risk and what should I do to keep her safe?
Your 3 year old is not at risk as HIV is not transmitted from daily activity.
What are safe levels for my partner’s viral load?
The risk of transmission is so low when your partner has an undetectable viral load that is it generally thought to be close to zero.
Note: This question was updated in January 2018 and September 2016 from an original answer in September 2011.
Hi Shaibu,
If your partner has been on meds for at least 6 months, and her viral load is undetectable, then the risks of you contracting HIV are close to zero. Please see the results from the PARTNER study for more info:
http://i-base.info/qa-on-the-partner-study/
With regards to marriage. HIV shouldn’t be a barrier to marrying someone. Many people from all over the world are married to people who are positive and they are negative. Neither is being positive a barrier to having a family.
Please, what can I do. My partner is HIV+, she is on medication. We had unprotected sex, what is my risk of contract the disease, can I marry her?
Hi Nonyameko,
If they are both HIV positive then they should both be on meds. If you aren’t sure if your brother is on meds, then you could ask him. As your sister is on meds, the risk of transmission to a baby will be dramatically reduced.
hi guys my sister in-law is HIV+ and her hubby. She is on ARVs. The problem is her hubby wants a child and he does not tell if he is on treatment. Could this be a problem?
Hi Dudu,
Congratulations on your pregnancy.
Though CD4 counts are important, when you’re pregnant its your viral load that really counts. At the moment you’re still detectable. However, you definitely have time between now and your due date to become undetectable. It’s important though that you take your meds as prescribed, and on time. If you’re just taking them an 1hr or 2hr late this will be ok. If you have a mobile, maybe you could set an alarm. This may help you remember to take them.
Because your pregnant you may find out pregnancy guide useful:
http://i-base.info/guides/pregnancy
im 29 weeks pregnant and hiv positive.been on treatment from 11/10/2016 I’m on a combination of Efavirenz,Tenofover and emtricitabine.didn’t know my viral load and cd4 count when I started treatment. so I had my first tests back and my Cd4 count was 267 Viral load is 3750 copies/mL.
I’m due on 28 February 2017,is it possible for my viral load to be undetected before I give birth?
my biggest worry is that sometimes I forget to take my meds on time.
Hi Lucky,
If your wife has an undetectable viral load, then the risks of transmission are close to zero. Please see the PARTNER study for more information:
http://i-base.info/qa-on-the-partner-study/
my wife is hiv positive and she is taking arvs treatment for four years now,she was menstruating a lot more than 7 days. so it happens that condom bust while she is menstruate what are my chances of not getting hiv positive
Hi Mzwandile,
If your wife has an undetectable viral load then the risks of transmission are close to zero. Please see the PARTNER study for more information.
http://i-base.info/qa-on-the-partner-study/
I’m a married man my wife is HIV positive and her viral load is very low. Now she is pregnant. May I be infected.I was making masturbation then I ejaculated inside in her.