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Treatment training manual

2. Virology, HIV and viral load (2023)

HIV as a virus. HIV lifecycle. What happens after you become HIV positive? How is HIV monitored? Viral load tests, Drug resistance. Updated 2023.

  • 2. 1 and 2.2 – Introduction and aims
  • 2. 3 Definition of HIV
  • 2. 4 Other causes of illness
  • 2. 5 HIV: key facts
  • 2. 6 Viral load in early and chronic infection
  • 2. 7 Reinfection with HIV
  • 2. 8 What is a viral load test?
  • 2. 9 History of viral load and different cut-offs
  • 2.10 Impact of other infections (and vaccines) on viral load
  • 2.11 Compartments and sanctuary sites
  • 2.12 Viral load on and off treatment
  • 2.13 Viral life cycle, drug resistance and adherence
  • 2.14 How CD4 and viral load are related

Last updated: 1 January 2023.

Manual index

  • 1. Immune system and CD4 count (2023)
  • 2. Virology, HIV and viral load (2023)
  • 3. Introduction to ARVs and ART (2023)
  • 4. Side effects of ARVs (2023)
  • 5. Opportunistic infections (OIs) and coinfections (2023)
  • 6. HIV and pregnancy (2016)
  • 7. HIV and people who inject drugs (2023)
  • 8. Clinical trials and HIV research (2023)
  • 9. HIV and drug resistance course (2023)
  • Learning resources
  • Notes for advocates
  • Notes for trainers
  • Contents

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Information on this website is provided by treatment advocates and offered as a guide only. Decisions about your treatment should always be taken in consultation with your doctor.

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